加拿大注射吸毒者追踪调查第四阶段（2017 - 2019年）的全国性调查结果。
National findings from the Tracks survey of people who inject drugs in Canada, Phase 4, 2017-2019.
作者信息
Tarasuk Jill, Zhang Jingxuan, Lemyre Anaïs, Cholette François, Bryson Maggie, Paquette Dana
机构信息
Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB.
出版信息
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2020 May 7;46(5):138-148. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v46i05a07.
BACKGROUND
The Tracks survey of people who inject drugs (PWID) collected data in 14 sentinel sites across Canada (2017-2019).
OBJECTIVE
To describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C and associated risk behaviours and to examine trends over time.
METHODS
Information regarding socio-demographics, social determinants of health, use of prevention services and testing, drug use, risk behaviours, and HIV and hepatitis C testing, care and treatment was collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Biological samples were tested for HIV, hepatitis C antibodies and hepatitis C ribonucleic acid (RNA). Descriptive statistics were calculated and trends over time were assessed.
RESULTS
Of the 2,383 participants, 65.6% were cisgender male, 42.2% were Indigenous, 48.0% completed some high school or less, 62.6% lived in unstable housing and 75.7% had ever been incarcerated. Average age was 40.1 years. The majority experienced stigma and discrimination (88.7%) and physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse in childhood (85.0%) or with a sexual partner (75.9%). The majority reported use of a needle/syringe distribution program (90.1%) and tested for HIV (90.5%) and hepatitis C (90.9%).Among participants who had ever had sex, the majority (59.2%) reported inconsistent condom use during vaginal and/or anal sex with a casual sex partner. Prevalence of HIV was 10.3% (82.9% were aware of infection status) and many (36.9%) were hepatitis C RNA-positive (50.1% were aware of infection status).Most surveillance indicators remained relatively stable from Phase 1 to Phase 4. Changes were found in substances used, and improvements were noted related to HIV and hepatitis C prevalence and care cascade indicators.
CONCLUSION
Many PWID in Canada were living in unstable housing and experienced high levels of stigma and discrimination. Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C was high in some areas. These findings contribute to the evidence base used to inform targeted prevention and control measures.
背景
对注射毒品者（PWID）的追踪调查在加拿大14个哨点收集了数据（2017 - 2019年）。
目的
描述人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和丙型肝炎的流行情况以及相关风险行为，并研究随时间的趋势。
方法
通过访员 administered问卷收集有关社会人口统计学、健康的社会决定因素、预防服务的使用和检测、药物使用、风险行为以及HIV和丙型肝炎检测、护理和治疗的信息。对生物样本进行HIV、丙型肝炎抗体和丙型肝炎核糖核酸（RNA）检测。计算描述性统计数据并评估随时间的趋势。
结果
在2383名参与者中，65.6%为顺性别男性，42.2%为原住民，48.0%完成了高中或以下学历，62.6%居住在不稳定住房中，75.7%曾被监禁。平均年龄为40.1岁。大多数人经历过耻辱和歧视（88.7%）以及童年时期（85.0%）或与性伴侣（75.9%）的身体、性和/或情感虐待。大多数人报告使用过针头/注射器分发项目（90.1%）并进行过HIV检测（90.5%）和丙型肝炎检测（90.9%）。在有过性行为的参与者中，大多数（59.2%）报告在与临时性伴侣进行阴道和/或肛交时避孕套使用不一致。HIV患病率为10.3%（82.9%知晓感染状况），许多人（36.9%）丙型肝炎RNA呈阳性（50.1%知晓感染状况）。从第1阶段到第4阶段，大多数监测指标保持相对稳定。在使用的物质方面发现了变化，并且在HIV和丙型肝炎患病率及护理级联指标方面有改善。
结论
加拿大许多注射毒品者居住在不稳定住房中，经历着高度的耻辱和歧视。某些地区HIV和丙型肝炎患病率很高。这些发现为用于指导有针对性的预防和控制措施的证据基础做出了贡献。
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