Wu Haoming, Wang Yang, Du Bingyao, Li Huiying, Dong Lei, Hu Haiyan, Meng Lu, Zheng Nan, Wang Jiaqi
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Feb 25;13:830333. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.830333. eCollection 2022.
The presence of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in milk are among the most important issues related to the safety of dairy products and the health of consumers. However, despite that dairy cow are housed for long periods of time on different beddings, the effect of different bedding materials on the microbiota and presence of ARGs is unclear. In this study, the composition of microorganisms, and the presence of mastitis pathogens and 33 ARGs targeting seven antibiotics in raw milk produced from farms using sand bedding, rice husk bedding, and recycled manure solids (RMS) bedding were compared by amplicon sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the microbial composition of milk was related to the microbiota of bedding. None of the mastitis pathogens were detected in milk from cows housed on sand bedding (S-M). The proportion of ARGs was highest in the S-M group and lowest in the milk from cows housed on RMS bedding (RMS-M) group. In general, the content of ARGs in RMS-M was the lowest, however, the RMS bedding may pose a threat to the breast health of dairy cows.
牛奶中病原菌和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的存在是与乳制品安全及消费者健康相关的最重要问题之一。然而，尽管奶牛长时间饲养在不同的垫料上，但不同垫料材料对微生物群和ARGs存在的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，通过扩增子测序和实时定量PCR比较了使用沙质垫料、稻壳垫料和回收粪便固体（RMS）垫料的农场生产的生牛奶中微生物的组成、乳腺炎病原体的存在情况以及针对七种抗生素的33种ARGs。结果表明，牛奶的微生物组成与垫料的微生物群有关。在沙质垫料（S-M）饲养的奶牛的牛奶中未检测到任何乳腺炎病原体。ARGs的比例在S-M组中最高，在RMS垫料（RMS-M）饲养的奶牛的牛奶中最低。一般来说，RMS-M中ARGs的含量最低，然而，RMS垫料可能对奶牛的乳房健康构成威胁。
