Glucose homeostasis during anesthesia and surgery in infants.

Baseline, preinduction, postinduction, and postsurgical plasma samples were collected for glucose, insulin, and cortisol in 16 neonates and infants. Glucose infusion rate was maintained constant (mean +/- SD 4.1 +/- 1.2 mg/kg/min) prior to and during surgery; additional fluid losses during surgery were replaced by fluids without dextrose. The weight at the time of surgery was 3,038 +/- 1,397 g. Postnatal age at the time of study ranged from one day to 40 weeks and the duration of surgery was 83 +/- 35 minutes. Plasma glucose values were higher than baseline values soon after induction of anesthesia (88 +/- 11 v 130 +/- 36 mg/dL; P less than .05); postsurgical glucose values were significantly higher than postinduction values (210 +/- 109 mg/dL v 130 +/- 36 mg/dL, P less than .01). Postsurgical plasma glucose had a negative correlation with weight of infants at the time of study (P less than .01; r = .61). Insulin changes were minimal and variable. Cortisol values did not change significantly from baseline values until the end of surgery (11.9 +/- 8.3 v 22.2 +/- 10.6 micrograms/dL; P less than .05). Hyperglycemia (greater than 150 mg/dL) was noted in 10/16 infants. This study indicates that glucose levels should be monitored and that additional fluid losses should be replaced by fluids without dextrose in neonates undergoing surgical procedures since hyperglycemia is a common occurrence.