靶向β-血红素结晶的高配位稠合杂环的抗疟活性
Antimalarial Activity of Highly Coordinative Fused Heterocycles Targeting βHematin Crystallization.
作者信息
Acosta María E, Gotopo Lourdes, Gamboa Neira, Rodrigues Juan R, Henriques Genesis C, Cabrera Gustavo, Romero Angel H
机构信息
Unidad de Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela.
Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgaínica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela.
出版信息
ACS Omega. 2022 Feb 25;7(9):7499-7514. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05393. eCollection 2022 Mar 8.
The βhematin formation is a unique process adopted by sp. to detoxify free heme and represents a validated target to design new effective antimalarials. Most of the βhematin inhibitors are mainly based on 4-aminoquinolines, but the parasite has developed diverse defense mechanisms against this type of chemical system. Thus, the identification of other molecular chemical entities targeting the β-hematin formation pathway is highly needed to evade resistance mechanisms associated with 4-aminoquinolines. Herein, we showed that the highly coordinative character can be a useful tool for the rational design of antimalarial agents targeting β-hematin crystallization. From a small library consisting of five compound families with recognized antitrypanosomatid activity and coordinative abilities, a group of tetradentate 1,4-disubstituted phthalazin-aryl/heteroarylhydrazinyl derivatives were identified as potential antimalarials. They showed a remarkable curative response against -infected mice with a significant reduction of the parasitemia, which was well correlated with their good inhibitory activities on β-hematin crystallization (IC = 5-7 μM) Their inhibitory and responses were comparable to those found for a chloroquine reference The active compounds showed moderate toxicity against peritoneal macrophages, a low hemolysis response, and a good ADME profile, identifying compound as a promising antimalarial agent for further experiments. Other less coordinative fused heterocycles exhibited moderate inhibitory responses toward β-hematin crystallization and modest efficacy against the model. The complexation ability of the ligands with iron(III) was experimentally and theoretically determined, finding, in general, a good correlation between the complexation ability of the ligand and the inhibitory activity toward β-hematin crystallization. These findings open new perspectives toward the rational design of antimalarial β-hematin inhibitors based on the coordinative character as an alternative to the conventional β-hematin inhibitors.
β-血红素的形成是疟原虫采用的一种独特过程,用于清除游离血红素,是设计新型有效抗疟药物的一个已验证靶点。大多数β-血红素抑制剂主要基于4-氨基喹啉,但疟原虫已针对这类化学体系形成了多种防御机制。因此,迫切需要鉴定靶向β-血红素形成途径的其他分子化学实体,以规避与4-氨基喹啉相关的耐药机制。在此,我们表明高度配位特性可成为合理设计靶向β-血红素结晶的抗疟药物的有用工具。从一个由五个具有公认抗锥虫活性和配位能力的化合物家族组成的小文库中,鉴定出一组四齿1,4-二取代酞嗪-芳基/杂芳基肼基衍生物为潜在抗疟药物。它们对感染疟原虫的小鼠显示出显著的治愈反应,寄生虫血症显著降低,这与其对β-血红素结晶的良好抑制活性(IC = 5-7 μM)密切相关。它们的抑制作用和治愈反应与氯喹参考物相当。活性化合物对腹膜巨噬细胞表现出中等毒性、低溶血反应和良好的药代动力学性质,确定化合物为进一步实验的有前景的抗疟药物。其他配位性较弱的稠合杂环对β-血红素结晶表现出中等抑制反应,对疟原虫模型的疗效一般。通过实验和理论确定了配体与铁(III)的络合能力,总体上发现配体的络合能力与对β-血红素结晶的抑制活性之间有良好的相关性。这些发现为基于配位特性合理设计抗疟β-血红素抑制剂开辟了新的前景,作为传统β-血红素抑制剂的替代方法。