Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
Post-Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2022 Dec 14;14(24):5303. doi: 10.3390/nu14245303.
Malaria is a disease that affects thousands of people around the world every year. Its pathogenesis is associated with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and lower levels of micronutrients and antioxidants. Patients under drug treatment have high levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in the body tissues, which limits the use of these drugs. Therefore, several studies have suggested that RONS inhibition may represent an adjuvant therapeutic strategy in the treatment of these patients by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the host. In this sense, supplementation with antioxidant compounds such as zinc, selenium, and vitamins A, C, and E has been suggested as part of the treatment. Among dietary antioxidants, lycopene is the most powerful antioxidant among the main carotenoids. This review aimed to describe the main mechanisms inducing oxidative stress during malaria, highlighting the production of RONS as a defense mechanism against the infection induced by the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, the metabolism of the parasite, and the metabolism of antimalarial drugs. Furthermore, the effects of lycopene on several diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated as a cause are outlined, providing information about its mechanism of action, and providing an evidence-based justification for its supplementation in malaria.
疟疾是一种每年在全球范围内影响数千人的疾病。其发病机制与活性氧和氮物种（RONS）的产生以及微量营养素和抗氧化剂水平降低有关。接受药物治疗的患者体内组织中的氧化应激生物标志物水平较高，这限制了这些药物的使用。因此，一些研究表明，通过增加宿主的抗氧化能力，抑制 RONS 可能代表治疗这些患者的辅助治疗策略。在这种情况下，补充锌、硒和维生素 A、C、E 等抗氧化化合物已被提议作为治疗的一部分。在膳食抗氧化剂中，番茄红素是主要类胡萝卜素中最有效的抗氧化剂。本综述旨在描述疟疾期间诱导氧化应激的主要机制，强调 RONS 的产生作为对缺血再灌注综合征、寄生虫代谢和抗疟药物代谢引起的感染的防御机制。此外，还概述了番茄红素对几种氧化应激作为病因的疾病的影响，提供了有关其作用机制的信息，并为其在疟疾中的补充提供了基于证据的理由。
