Zajaczkowski Patricia, Lee Rogan, Fletcher-Lartey Stephanie M, Alexander Kate, Mahimbo Abela, Stark Damien, Ellis John T
Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. 2021 Oct 19;1:100055. doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100055. eCollection 2021.
continues to be one of the most encountered parasitic diseases around the world. Although more frequently detected in developing countries, infections nonetheless pose significant public health problems in developed countries as well. Molecular characterisation of isolates from humans and animals reveals that there are two genetically different assemblages (known as assemblage A and B) that cause human infections. However, the current molecular assays used to genotype isolates are quite controversial. This is in part due to a complex phenomenon where assemblages are incorrectly typed and underreported depending on which targeted locus is sequenced. In this review, we outline current knowledge based on molecular epidemiological studies and raise questions as to the reliability of current genotyping assays and a lack of a globally accepted method. Additionally, we discuss the clinical symptoms caused by infection and how these symptoms vary depending on the assemblage infecting an individual. We also introduce the host-parasite factors that play a role in the subsequent clinical presentation of an infected person, and explore which assemblages are most seen globally.
仍然是世界上最常见的寄生虫病之一。尽管在发展中国家检测得更为频繁，但感染在发达国家也构成了重大的公共卫生问题。对来自人和动物的分离株进行分子特征分析表明，有两种基因不同的组合（称为组合A和B）会导致人类感染。然而，目前用于对分离株进行基因分型的分子检测方法颇具争议。部分原因是存在一种复杂的现象，即根据所测序的目标基因座，组合会被错误分型且报告不足。在这篇综述中，我们概述了基于分子流行病学研究的现有知识，并对当前基因分型检测的可靠性以及缺乏全球公认的方法提出了疑问。此外，我们讨论了感染引起的临床症状以及这些症状如何因感染个体的组合不同而有所变化。我们还介绍了在感染者后续临床表现中起作用的宿主 - 寄生虫因素，并探讨了全球范围内最常见的组合。
