Department of Molecular Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Jul 31;13(1):387. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04248-2.
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most prevalent and highly diverse human parasites, encompassing a complex of eight genetically distinct assemblages, each further divided into sub-assemblages. While in recent years, G. duodenalis genotype distribution patterns in humans have been intensely studied, there is still very little information available on the diversity of Giardia genotypes and sub-assemblages infecting people in Romania. In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis in asymptomatic patients from Romania.
Over an 11-month period, human feces from 7805 healthy adults were screened by microscopic analysis for G. duodenalis cysts during their obligatory periodic check-ups. DNA extraction was performed from microscopic-positive fecal samples, followed by multilocus sequence typing of four genetic loci of the ITS region, gdh, tpi and bg genes, followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using EpiInfo 2000 software.
The prevalence of giardiasis in the present study was 0.42% (33/7805). Twenty-three samples (76.67%) were successfully genotyped at each locus. The bg and tpi genes had the highest typing success rate (100%). The identified assemblages were assemblage A in 27 cases (subtypes A2 and A3), and B in 3 cases.
To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of multilocus sequence typing of G. duodenalis isolated from humans in Romania. The present results may shed light on G. duodenalis infection in humans at a regional and national level, thus increasing awareness against this parasitic infection.
十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫是最普遍和高度多样化的人类寄生虫之一，包含一个由八个遗传上不同的组合体组成的复合体，每个组合体进一步分为亚组合体。虽然近年来，人类中十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫基因型的分布模式得到了深入研究，但关于感染罗马尼亚人的贾第鞭毛虫基因型和亚组合体的多样性信息仍然非常有限。在本研究中，我们调查了罗马尼亚无症状患者中十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫的遗传多样性。
在 11 个月的时间里，通过显微镜分析对 7805 名健康成年人的粪便进行筛查，以检查是否存在十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫包囊。从显微镜阳性的粪便样本中提取 DNA，然后对 ITS 区、gdh、tpi 和 bg 基因的四个遗传位点进行多位点序列分型，随后进行 DNA 测序和系统发育分析。使用 EpiInfo 2000 软件进行统计分析。
本研究中贾第鞭毛虫病的患病率为 0.42%（33/7805）。每个位点成功分型的样本有 23 个（76.67%）。bg 和 tpi 基因的分型成功率最高（100%）。鉴定的组合体有 27 例（亚型 A2 和 A3）为 A 组合体，3 例为 B 组合体。
据我们所知，本研究是罗马尼亚首次报道人类分离的十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫的多位点序列分型。本研究结果可能揭示了该地区和全国范围内人类感染十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫的情况，从而提高了对这种寄生虫感染的认识。
