J Am Dent Assoc. 2022 Jul;153(7):635-648.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.12.007. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
Considering that the oral cavity is a major entryway and reservoir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the aim of the authors was to perform a systematic review of in vivo and in vitro studies to assess the effectiveness of mouthrinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load.
The authors searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MedRxiv, and bioRxiv databases, including in vitro and in vivo studies assessing the virucidal effect of mouthrinses on SARS-CoV-2 or surrogates. From a total of 1,622 articles retrieved, the authors included 39 in this systematic review.
Povidone-iodine was the most studied mouthrinse (14 in vitro and 9 in vivo studies), frequently showing significant reductions in viral load in in vitro assays. Similarly, cetylpyridinium chloride also showed good results, although it was evaluated in fewer studies. Chlorhexidine gluconate and hydrogen peroxide showed conflicting results on SARS-CoV-2 load reduction in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
Povidone-iodine-based mouthrinses appear to be the best option as an oral prerinse in the dental context for SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction. Although the results of primary studies are relevant, there is a need for more in vivo studies on mouthrinses, in particular, randomized controlled clinical trials, to better understand their effect on SARS-CoV-2 viral load and infection prevention.
考虑到口腔是严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的主要进入途径和储库，作者旨在对体内和体外研究进行系统评价，以评估漱口液对 SARS-CoV-2 病毒载量的有效性。
作者检索了 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、MedRxiv 和 bioRxiv 数据库，包括评估漱口液对 SARS-CoV-2 或替代物的病毒杀灭效果的体内和体外研究。从总共检索到的 1622 篇文章中，作者纳入了本系统评价中的 39 篇文章。
聚维酮碘是研究最多的漱口液（14 项体外研究和 9 项体内研究），经常在体外试验中显示出显著降低病毒载量的效果。同样，氯化十六烷基吡啶也显示出良好的结果，尽管它的评估研究较少。葡萄糖酸氯己定和过氧化氢在体内和体外研究中对 SARS-CoV-2 载量减少的结果不一致。
基于聚维酮碘的漱口液似乎是口腔环境中降低 SARS-CoV-2 病毒载量的首选口腔预冲洗液。尽管主要研究的结果具有相关性，但需要更多关于漱口液的体内研究，特别是随机对照临床试验，以更好地了解它们对 SARS-CoV-2 病毒载量和感染预防的影响。
