Nephrologist referrals of older patients with chronic kidney disease in Singapore: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in the older population. By 2035, approximately one-quarter of Singapore residents are expected to have CKD. Many of these patients are not referred to nephrologists.

AIM

To compare the characteristics of older patients (aged ≥65 years) with CKD stage ≥3B in the referral and non-referral groups.

DESIGN & SETTINGS: A cross-sectional study in the primary care organisation National University Polyclinics (NUP), Singapore.

METHOD

Retrospective data were extracted from the electronic health records of patients with CKD (aged ≥65 years) with CKD stage ≥3B.

RESULTS

From 1 January-31 December 2018, a total of 1536 patients aged ≥65 years were diagnosed with CKD stage ≥3B (non-referral group = 1179 versus referral group = 357). The mean patient age in the non-referral group (78.4 years) was older than that in the referral group (75.9 years) (<0.001). Indian older patients were referred more compared with their Chinese counterparts ( = 0.008). The non-referral group was prescribed significantly less fibrate, statins, insulin, sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, and antiplatelet than the referral group (<0.05), but only the difference in fibrates remained significant on subsequent multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that there is a considerable number of older patients with CKD exclusively managed in the primary care setting ( = 1179) and that referrals primarily depend on demographic factors, namely age and ethnic group, rather than medical determinants of CKD severity or case complexity.