Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 14;13(1):1333. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28976-4.
Contrasting theories exist regarding how Norway spruce (Picea abies) recolonized Fennoscandia after the last glaciation and both early Holocene establishments from western microrefugia and late Holocene colonization from the east have been postulated. Here, we show that Norway spruce was present in southern Fennoscandia as early as 14.7 ± 0.1 cal. kyr BP and that the millennia-old clonal spruce trees present today in central Sweden likely arrived with an early Holocene migration from the east. Our findings are based on ancient sedimentary DNA from multiple European sites (N = 15) combined with nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient clonal (N = 135) and contemporary spruce forest trees (N = 129) from central Sweden. Our other findings imply that Norway spruce was present shortly after deglaciation at the margins of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, and support previously disputed finds of pollen in southern Sweden claiming spruce establishment during the Lateglacial.
关于挪威云杉（Picea abies）在末次冰期后如何重新殖民芬诺斯堪的亚，存在着截然相反的理论，有人假设它是在全新世早期从西部的小气候避难所建立的，也有人假设它是在全新世晚期从东部殖民而来的。在这里，我们表明，早在 14.7±0.1 cal. kyr BP，挪威云杉就已经存在于南芬诺斯堪的亚，而今天在瑞典中部存在的数千年历史的克隆云杉树很可能是随着全新世早期从东方的迁徙而来的。我们的研究结果基于来自多个欧洲地点的古代沉积 DNA（N=15），以及对瑞典中部古代克隆（N=135）和当代云杉林树木（N=129）的核和线粒体 DNA 分析。我们的其他发现表明，挪威云杉在斯堪的纳维亚冰盖边缘的冰川消融后不久就已经存在，并支持了先前有关在南瑞典发现花粉的争议性发现，这些花粉声称在末次冰期后期就已经建立了云杉林。
