Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada.
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue #500, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2022 Apr 11;8(4):1506-1521. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01434. Epub 2022 Mar 15.
Poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) implants suffer from poor osseointegration because of chronic inflammation. In this study, we hypothesized that adding NH and COOH groups to the surface of PEEK could modulate macrophage responses by altering protein adsorption and improve its osseointegration. NH and COOH-functionalized PEEK surfaces induced pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage responses, respectively, and differences in protein adsorption patterns on these surfaces were related to the varied inflammatory responses. The macrophage responses to NH surfaces significantly reduced the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs cultured on NH surfaces differentiated less than those on COOH surfaces even though NH surfaces promoted the most mineralization in simulated body fluid solutions. After 14 days in rat tibia unicortical defects, the bone around NH surfaces had thinner trabeculae and higher specific bone surface than the bone around unmodified implants; surprisingly, the NH implants significantly increased bone-binding over the unmodified implants, while COOH implants only showed a trend for increasing bone-binding. Taken together, these results suggest that both mineral-binding and immune responses play a role in osseointegration, and PEEK implant integration may be improved with mixtures of these two functional groups to harness the ability to reduce inflammation and bind bone strongly.
聚醚醚酮（PEEK）植入物由于慢性炎症而导致骨整合不良。在这项研究中，我们假设在 PEEK 表面添加 NH 和 COOH 基团可以通过改变蛋白质吸附来调节巨噬细胞反应，从而改善其骨整合。NH 和 COOH 功能化的 PEEK 表面分别诱导促炎和抗炎的巨噬细胞反应，这些表面的蛋白质吸附模式的差异与不同的炎症反应有关。NH 表面的巨噬细胞反应显著降低间充质干细胞（MSCs）的成骨分化。在 NH 表面培养的 MSCs 比在 COOH 表面培养的 MSCs 分化程度更低，尽管 NH 表面在模拟体液溶液中促进了最多的矿化。在大鼠胫骨单皮质缺损 14 天后，NH 表面周围的骨小梁较薄，比未修饰植入物周围的骨具有更高的特定骨表面；令人惊讶的是，NH 植入物显著增加了与未修饰植入物的骨结合，而 COOH 植入物仅显示出增加骨结合的趋势。综上所述，这些结果表明，矿物质结合和免疫反应都在骨整合中起作用，并且可以通过混合这两种功能基团来提高 PEEK 植入物的整合能力，以利用其减少炎症和强烈结合骨骼的能力。
