Marchi Filipi Calbaizer, Mendes-Silva Edneia, Rodrigues-Ribeiro Lucas, Bolais-Ramos Lucas Gabriel, Verano-Braga Thiago
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2022 Feb 28;28:20210034. doi: 10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0034. eCollection 2022.
The word venomics was coined to acknowledge the studies that use omics to investigate venom proteins and peptides. Venomics has evolved considerably over the last 20 years. The first works on scorpion or spider venomics were published in the early 2000's. Such studies relied on peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) to characterize venom complexity. After the introduction of new mass spectrometers with higher resolution, sensitivity and mass accuracy, and the next-generation nucleotide sequencing, the complexity of data reported in research on scorpion and spider venomics increased exponentially, which allowed more comprehensive studies. In the present review article, we covered key publications on scorpion venomics and spider venomics, presenting historical grounds and implemented technologies over the last years. The literature presented in this review was selected after searching the PubMed database using the terms "(scorpion venom) AND (proteome)" for scorpion venomics, and "(spider venom) AND (proteome)" for publications on spider venomics. We presented the key aspects related to proteomics in the covered papers including, but not restricted to, the employed proteomic strategy (i.e., PMF, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, shotgun/bottom-up and/or top-down/peptidome), and the type of mass spectrometer used. Some conclusions can be drawn from the present study. For example, the scorpion genus is the most studied concerning venomics, followed by ; whereas for spiders the studied genera were found more equally distributed. Another interesting conclusion is the lack of high throughput studies on post-translational modifications (PTMs) of scorpion and spider proteins. In our opinion, PTMs should be more studied as they can modulate the activity of scorpion and spider toxins.
“毒液组学”（venomics）这个词是为了认可那些利用组学技术研究毒液蛋白质和肽的研究而创造的。在过去20年里，毒液组学有了相当大的发展。关于蝎子或蜘蛛毒液组学的首批研究成果于21世纪初发表。此类研究依靠肽质量指纹图谱（PMF）来描述毒液的复杂性。在引入了具有更高分辨率、灵敏度和质量准确性的新型质谱仪以及新一代核苷酸测序技术之后，蝎子和蜘蛛毒液组学研究报告中的数据复杂性呈指数级增长，这使得更全面的研究成为可能。在本篇综述文章中，我们涵盖了蝎子毒液组学和蜘蛛毒液组学的关键出版物，介绍了其历史背景以及过去几年所采用的技术。本综述中呈现的文献是在使用术语“（蝎子毒液）AND（蛋白质组）”在PubMed数据库中搜索蝎子毒液组学相关文献，以及使用“（蜘蛛毒液）AND（蛋白质组）”搜索蜘蛛毒液组学相关出版物之后挑选出来的。我们介绍了所涵盖论文中与蛋白质组学相关的关键方面，包括但不限于所采用的蛋白质组学策略（即PMF、二维凝胶电泳、鸟枪法/自下而上和/或自上而下/肽组学）以及所使用的质谱仪类型。从本研究中可以得出一些结论。例如，在毒液组学方面研究最多的蝎子属是 ，其次是 ；而对于蜘蛛来说，所研究的属分布更为均匀。另一个有趣的结论是，关于蝎子和蜘蛛蛋白质的翻译后修饰（PTM）缺乏高通量研究。我们认为，应该更多地研究PTM，因为它们可以调节蝎子和蜘蛛毒素的活性。
