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同时研究蛋白质磷酸化、乙酰化和N-连接唾液酸化糖基化的综合方案。

Comprehensive Protocol to Simultaneously Study Protein Phosphorylation, Acetylation, and N-Linked Sialylated Glycosylation.

机构信息

Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Genetics, Genomics and Microbiology Research Group, Health Science Department, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.

出版信息

Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2261:55-72. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1186-9_5.

Abstract

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and interaction, and they are associated with a wide range of biological processes. Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. However, PTMs are often present in substoichiometric levels, and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task, requiring highly specialized and sensitive PTM-specific enrichment methods. Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment, and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. Unfortunately, for the vast majority of more than 400 known modifications, we have no or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution are subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. Furthermore, the lysine-acetylated peptides present in the first TiO flow-through fraction are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP) after peptide cleanup. Finally, the samples are fractionated by high pH reversed phase chromatography (HpH) or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC ) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage in the subsequent LC-MS /MS analysis. This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study.

摘要

翻译后修饰(PTMs),如磷酸化、乙酰化和糖基化,是蛋白质功能和相互作用的重要调节机制,且与广泛的生物过程相关。由于大多数翻译后修饰会改变蛋白质的分子量,质谱(MS)是研究各种翻译后修饰的理想分析工具。然而,翻译后修饰通常以亚化学计量水平存在,因此其未修饰的对应物常常在质谱中抑制它们的信号。因此,通过质谱进行翻译后修饰分析是一项具有挑战性的任务,需要高度专业化且灵敏的翻译后修饰特异性富集方法。目前,已经实施了几种用于翻译后修饰富集的方法,并且每种方法都有其缺点和优点,因为它们对特定蛋白质修饰的选择性和特异性不同。不幸的是,对于400多种已知修饰中的绝大多数,我们没有或仅有很差的选择性富集工具。在这里,我们描述了一种综合工作流程,用于从同一生物样品中同时研究磷酸化、乙酰化和N-连接的唾液酸化糖基化。该方案包括一个初始的二氧化钛(TiO)步骤,以富集磷酸肽和唾液酸化的N-连接糖肽,随后进行聚糖释放和分级分离,使用固定金属亲和色谱(SIMAC)的顺序洗脱,从多磷酸化肽中分离单磷酸化和去糖基化肽。IMAC的流出物和酸性洗脱液随后进行下一轮TiO富集,以进一步从去糖基化肽中分离单磷酸肽。此外,在肽纯化后,通过免疫沉淀(IP)富集存在于第一个TiO流出级分中的赖氨酸乙酰化肽。最后,通过高pH反相色谱(HpH)或亲水相互作用液相色谱(HILIC)对样品进行分级分离,以降低样品复杂性并增加后续LC-MS/MS分析中的覆盖率。这使得能够从同一高度复杂的生物样品中分析多种类型的修饰,而不会降低每个单独的翻译后修饰研究的质量。

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