Maestría en Ciencias en Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
J Nutr Sci. 2022 Feb 2;11:e3. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.1. eCollection 2022.
There is a lack of region-adapted tools to evaluate diet as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adolescents. The study aim was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a paper-based and region-adapted food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to assess CVD-related food and nutrient intakes of adolescents from Northwest México. The study design was cross-sectional. The FFQ was developed in a two-step process: prototype designing and a pilot test, with re-tested in a 3-month period, along with two administrations of 24 h-recall (24 hR). Pearson's and intra-class correlation coefficients (PCC and ICC) were assessed. Bland-Altman plots, limits of agreement and quintile classifications were carried out. Participants ( 221) were 53·8 % male, 18·5 ± 0·4 years old. Reproducibility had a median PCC = 0·66 for processed meats, ranging from 0·40 (saturated fat) to 0·74 (fish & shellfish), 0·001. ICC ranged from 0·53 (saturated fat) to 0·80 (sodium; and nuts, seeds and legumes), 0·001. Validity comparing FFQ1 24 hR mean, PCCs ranged from 0·12 ( = 0·06) to 0·95 ( = 0·001), and ICC from 0·20 ( = 0·048) to 0·88 ( = 0·001); comparing FFQ2 24 hR mean, PCCs ranged from 0·07 ( = 0·25) to 0·46 ( = 0·001), and ICC from 0·15 ( = 0·106) to 0·58 ( = 0·001). The FFQ overestimated the intake of all food groups and nutrients ( < 0·05), while Cohen's showed coefficients lower than 0·20. The proposed FFQ represents a moderately validated tool to estimate CVD-related food and nutrient intakes as a risk factor, which can be used in combination with multiple administrations of 24 hRs, as a critical mean in future interventions intended to reduce cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.
目前缺乏适用于评估青少年心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素的区域性饮食工具。本研究旨在评估一种基于纸笔和区域性适应的食物频率问卷（FFQ）的可重复性和有效性，该问卷用于评估来自墨西哥西北部的青少年与 CVD 相关的食物和营养素摄入量。本研究设计为横断面研究。FFQ 通过两步法开发：原型设计和试点测试，并在 3 个月内进行重新测试，同时进行两次 24 小时回顾（24 hR）。评估了 Pearson 相关系数和组内相关系数（PCC 和 ICC）。进行了 Bland-Altman 图、一致性界限和五分位分类。参与者（221 人）中 53.8%为男性，年龄为 18.5±0.4 岁。对于加工肉类，重复性的中位数 PCC=0.66，范围为 0.40（饱和脂肪）至 0.74（鱼贝类），P<0.001。ICC 范围为 0.53（饱和脂肪）至 0.80（钠；以及坚果、种子和豆类），P<0.001。与 FFQ1 24 hR 平均值相比，FFQ1 的有效性比较 PCC 范围为 0.12（=0.06）至 0.95（=0.001），ICC 范围为 0.20（=0.048）至 0.88（=0.001）；与 FFQ2 24 hR 平均值相比，FFQ2 的有效性比较 PCC 范围为 0.07（=0.25）至 0.46（=0.001），ICC 范围为 0.15（=0.106）至 0.58（=0.001）。FFQ 高估了所有食物组和营养素的摄入量（<0.05），而 Cohen's 显示系数低于 0.20。所提出的 FFQ 是一种中度有效的工具，可用于评估 CVD 相关的食物和营养素摄入量作为风险因素，该工具可与多次 24 hR 联合使用，作为未来旨在降低青少年代谢风险的干预措施的关键手段。
