Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, de Boelelaan 1117 and Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Clin Chim Acta. 2022 Jun 1;531:17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.011. Epub 2022 Mar 12.
Hirsutism is the excessive growth of terminal hair in a male pattern in a female. In most hirsute women, hirsutism is caused by increased androgens. However, not all women with hirsutism actually show elevated levels of circulating androgens with standard laboratory tests, in which case we speak of idiopathic hirsutism (IH).
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether there are biochemical markers that can be used to unravel the cause in IH.
An electronic search through the PubMed database was conducted to find studies describing potential biomarkers for IH.
The majority of included studies claimed an increased 5α-reductase (5α-RD) activity in women with IH by means of increased DHT metabolite levels. Studies investigating abnormalities of the androgen receptor (AR) and serum levels of indirect markers showed no significant differences.
Our literature search showed that polymorphisms of the AR as well as indirect markers seem to be nonspecific, but that the dihydrotestosterone-reduced metabolite 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol glucuronide is markedly enhanced in women with IH, suggesting an increased 5α-RD activity in these women. Further studies need to be performed to determine the clinical usefulness of 3α-diol G as a biomarker for IH.
多毛症是指女性出现男性型终毛过度生长。在大多数多毛症女性中，多毛症是由雄激素增多引起的。然而，并非所有多毛症女性的循环雄激素水平实际上都升高，在这种情况下，我们称之为特发性多毛症（IH）。
本文旨在探讨是否存在可用于阐明 IH 病因的生化标志物。
通过 PubMed 数据库进行电子检索，以查找描述 IH 潜在生物标志物的研究。
大多数纳入的研究通过增加 DHT 代谢物水平，声称 IH 女性的 5α-还原酶（5α-RD）活性增加。研究雄激素受体（AR）异常和间接标志物的血清水平，并未显示出显著差异。
我们的文献检索表明，AR 的多态性和间接标志物似乎是非特异性的，但 IH 女性的二氢睾酮还原代谢物 5α-雄烷-3α,17β-二醇葡萄糖醛酸明显增强，提示这些女性的 5α-RD 活性增加。需要进一步研究以确定 3α-二醇 G 作为 IH 生物标志物的临床实用性。
