Zigler E, Muenchow S
Rev Infect Dis. 1986 Jul-Aug;8(4):514-20.
A review of day care practices in the United States indicates a substantial increase since 1977 in out-of-home care for infants and toddlers, with a preponderance of care in unlicensed family day care homes. The effects of group care on infants and toddlers depend largely on the facility's success at meeting certain criteria for group size, staff-to-child ratio, and staff training. Parallels exist between providing psychologically healthy day care and minimizing the spread of infectious disease in day care facilities. Many of the same factors involved in providing psychologically safe day care are also involved in providing disease-free care. Financial and regulatory obstacles to high-quality care are considerable; however, supplementary child care for working parents is essential, and efforts to address such problems as infectious diseases must keep this perspective.
一项对美国日托服务情况的综述表明，自1977年以来，针对婴幼儿的家庭外照料显著增加，其中大部分是在无执照的家庭日托中心。集体照料对婴幼儿的影响很大程度上取决于该机构在满足特定标准（如群体规模、员工与儿童比例以及员工培训）方面的成效。提供心理健康的日托服务与在日托机构中尽量减少传染病传播之间存在相似之处。提供心理安全的日托服务所涉及的许多因素同样也与提供无疾病照料有关。高质量照料面临着巨大的资金和监管障碍；然而，为在职父母提供补充性儿童照料至关重要，应对传染病等问题的努力必须秉持这一观点。
