Gerberding J L, Sande M A
Rev Infect Dis. 1986 Jul-Aug;8 Suppl 3:S315-8. doi: 10.1093/clinids/8.supplement_3.s315.
Animal models are important in predicting the efficacy in humans of antimicrobial agents for various disease conditions, including endocarditis and meningitis. Screening models are useful in assessing antibiotic effectiveness and toxicity; their advantages include simplicity, a reproducible course of infection, a well-defined therapeutic end point, and low cost. However, the inoculum size, the virulence of the organism, and the production of beta-lactamases can have important effects on outcome and must be considered in the interpretation of data obtained from such models. Discriminative models are those designed to mimic human disease as closely as possible with respect to infectious inoculum, host response, and course of disease. Each drug's pharmacokinetics must be carefully documented before being extrapolated to humans. Rigid criteria must be established to minimize misinterpretation of results from animal studies before conclusions from in vivo animal models are applied to human disease.
动物模型对于预测抗菌药物在包括心内膜炎和脑膜炎等各种疾病状况下对人类的疗效很重要。筛选模型有助于评估抗生素的有效性和毒性；其优点包括操作简单、感染过程可重复、治疗终点明确以及成本低。然而，接种量、微生物的毒力以及β-内酰胺酶的产生会对结果产生重要影响，在解释从此类模型获得的数据时必须加以考虑。鉴别模型旨在在感染接种物、宿主反应和疾病进程方面尽可能紧密地模拟人类疾病。每种药物的药代动力学在外推至人类之前必须仔细记录。在将体内动物模型的结论应用于人类疾病之前，必须建立严格的标准以尽量减少对动物研究结果的错误解读。
