Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (Dr Rabinowitz, Ms Vaccaro, and Mr Wingfield); and Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Collier).
J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2022;37(3):144-151. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000770. Epub 2022 Mar 15.
In this article, we describe the development and preliminary testing of RehaBot-a chatbot that users communicate with via text messaging designed to augment behavioral activation (BA) treatment of reducing depression and increasing participation in individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Outpatient brain injury rehabilitation facility.
Outpatient brain injury clinicians and individuals with moderate to severe TBI.
Focus groups, software demonstration trials, and single-case experiments with an A-B-A design.
System Usability Scale (SUS) and self-reported completed target activities.
Focus group feedback guided the development of a flexible system to be used in conjunction with face-to-face therapy, designed to provide reminders, encouragement, and supportive feedback. Two of 3 participants completed all 6 RehaBot tasks independently. One completed 4 tasks independently and a fifth with assistance. Average SUS score in demonstration trials was 76.77 (SD = 21.19). In 4 single-case experiments, participants completed their highest proportion of planned activities in the RehaBot phase and the lowest proportion of planned activities in the reversal phase. They all interacted with RehaBot daily, exchanging an average of 225 messages over the 1-week period, and average SUS score was 95 (SD = 4.74). Their open-ended feedback revealed that participants found RehaBot enjoyable and easy to use. They felt it was a helpful memory aid and promoted better adherence to planned activities by providing accountability and positive reinforcement.
This article presents a chatbot development process heavily involving consumer input, which may serve as a model for future development efforts. Our findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that RehaBot is usable and may promote better adherence to planned target activities. However, future research is needed to establish usability and efficacy of RehaBot and to explore applications of chatbots to other domains of TBI rehabilitation.
本文描述了 RehaBot 的开发和初步测试，RehaBot 是一个用户可以通过短信与它进行交流的聊天机器人，旨在增强行为激活（BA）治疗，以减轻抑郁并增加中度至重度创伤性脑损伤（TBI）患者的参与度。
门诊脑损伤康复机构。
门诊脑损伤临床医生和中度至重度 TBI 患者。
焦点小组、软件演示试验和具有 A-B-A 设计的单个案例实验。
系统可用性量表（SUS）和自我报告的已完成目标活动。
焦点小组的反馈意见指导了一个灵活系统的开发，该系统与面对面治疗相结合，旨在提供提醒、鼓励和支持性反馈。3 名参与者中的 2 名独立完成了所有 6 个 RehaBot 任务。1 名参与者独立完成了 4 个任务，另 1 名参与者在辅助下完成了 5 个任务。演示试验中的平均 SUS 得分为 76.77（SD=21.19）。在 4 个单案例实验中，参与者在 RehaBot 阶段完成了计划活动的最高比例，在反转阶段完成了计划活动的最低比例。他们都每天与 RehaBot 互动，在 1 周的时间内平均交换了 225 条消息，平均 SUS 得分为 95（SD=4.74）。他们的开放性反馈表明，参与者发现 RehaBot 既有趣又易于使用。他们认为它是一个有用的记忆辅助工具，并通过提供问责制和积极强化来促进更好地遵守计划活动。
本文介绍了一个涉及消费者投入的聊天机器人开发过程，这可能为未来的开发工作提供一个模型。我们的研究结果初步表明，RehaBot 是可用的，并且可能促进更好地遵守计划目标活动。然而，需要进一步的研究来建立 RehaBot 的可用性和有效性，并探索聊天机器人在 TBI 康复其他领域的应用。
