Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil.
Braz J Biol. 2022 Mar 11;84:e257039. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.257039. eCollection 2022.
The active ingredient glyphosate is the most commercialized herbicide on the world market due to its capability in eliminating weeds. However, it can harm the development of non-target organisms and threaten environmental quality. This study analyzed the effects of potentially toxic concentrations of glyphosate on germination, growth, cell cycle and genomic stability of Lactuca sativa L., and identified the most sensitive variables for assessing the toxicity of this herbicide to this biomonitor. Seeds of L. sativa were germinated in Petri dishes containing a sheet of filter paper moistened with 5 mL of a concentration of glyphosate (1.34, 3.35, 6.70, 10.05, 13.40 mg L-1). Controls consisted of distilled water (negative) and 3 mg L-1 CuSO4 (positive). Macroscopic and microscopic variables were analyzed. The germination of L. sativa was not affected by the concentrations of glyphosate. Root length and shoot height of the plants and the mitotic index decreased from the lowest concentration tested on. The chromosomal anomaly index and frequency of micronuclei increased by 3.2 and 22 times, respectively, with the presence of the lowest concentration of glyphosate compared to the negative control. The observed phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic effects demonstrate the negative influence that glyphosate has on the development of L. sativa. Root length and microscopic variables showed the highest sensitivity. This study warns of the possible harmful effects that glyphosate can have on non-target organisms and suggests greater control over the use of this herbicide to mitigate its environmental impact.
草甘膦是世界市场上商业化程度最高的除草剂，因为它具有除草能力。然而，它可能会伤害非靶标生物的发育，并威胁环境质量。本研究分析了潜在毒性浓度的草甘膦对莴苣（Lactuca sativa L.）发芽、生长、细胞周期和基因组稳定性的影响，并确定了评估该除草剂对这种生物监测器毒性的最敏感变量。将莴苣种子在含有湿润 5 毫升草甘膦浓度（1.34、3.35、6.70、10.05、13.40 mg L-1）滤纸的培养皿中发芽。对照包括蒸馏水（阴性）和 3 mg L-1 的 CuSO4（阳性）。分析了宏观和微观变量。草甘膦浓度不影响莴苣的发芽。与阴性对照相比，植物的根长和茎高以及有丝分裂指数从测试的最低浓度开始下降。染色体异常指数和微核频率分别增加了 3.2 倍和 22 倍。观察到的植物毒性和细胞遗传毒性作用表明草甘膦对莴苣发育有负面影响。根长和微观变量表现出最高的敏感性。本研究警告草甘膦可能对非靶标生物产生有害影响，并建议加强对这种除草剂的使用控制，以减轻其对环境的影响。
