Sohl P, Bassford H A
Soc Sci Med. 1986;22(11):1175-9. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(86)90184-x.
The Hippocratic Coprus recognized the interaction of 'business' and patient-health moral considerations, and urged that the former be subordinated to the latter. During the 1800s with the growth of complexity in both scientific knowledge and the organization of health services, the medical ethical codes addressed themselves to elaborate rules of conduct to be followed by the members of the newly emerging national medical associations. After World War II the World Medical Association was established as an international forum where national medical associations could debate the ethical problems presented by modern medicine. The International Code of Medical ethics and the Declaration of Geneva were written as 20th century restatements of the medical profession's commitment to the sovereignty of the patient-care norm. Many ethical statements have been issued by the World Medical Association in the past 35 years; they show the variety and difficulties of contemporary medical practice. The newest revisions were approved by the General Assembly of the World Medical Association in Venice, Italy October 1983. Their content is examined and concern is voiced about the danger of falling into cultural relativism when questions about the methods of financing medical services are the subject of an ethical declaration which is arrived at by consensus in the W.M.A.
希波克拉底文集认识到了“商业”与患者健康道德考量之间的相互作用，并敦促前者服从于后者。在19世纪，随着科学知识和卫生服务组织的日益复杂，医学伦理准则致力于详细阐述新兴国家医学协会成员应遵循的行为规则。第二次世界大战后，世界医学协会作为一个国际论坛成立，各国医学协会可以在此辩论现代医学提出的伦理问题。《国际医学伦理准则》和《日内瓦宣言》是20世纪对医学专业对患者护理规范主权承诺的重新表述。在过去35年里，世界医学协会发布了许多伦理声明；它们显示了当代医疗实践的多样性和困难。最新修订版于1983年10月在意大利威尼斯举行的世界医学协会大会上获得批准。对其内容进行了审查，并对在世界医学协会以协商一致方式达成的关于医疗服务融资方法问题的伦理声明中陷入文化相对主义的危险表示了关切。
