Macintyre S
Soc Sci Med. 1986;23(4):393-415. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(86)90082-1.
Associations are described between health (variously measured) and occupational class, gender, marital status, age, ethnicity and area of residence, using British data. It is argued that when exploring the social patterning of health, illness and death, it would be profitable for sociologists to consider several or all of these social positions, and to develop models of general vulnerability to ill-health rather than of specific etiology. Three main types of explanation, artefact, health selection and social causation, are reviewed, and six general points are made about how sociological research on social patterning in health should proceed.
利用英国的数据，阐述了健康状况（以多种方式衡量）与职业阶层、性别、婚姻状况、年龄、种族和居住地区之间的关联。有人认为，在探究健康、疾病和死亡的社会模式时，社会学家若能考虑这些社会地位中的若干或全部，并构建普遍易患疾病的模型而非特定病因的模型，将会有所收获。文章回顾了三种主要的解释类型，即人为因素、健康选择和社会因果关系，并就健康领域社会模式的社会学研究应如何开展提出了六点一般性看法。
