School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Shenzhen Nanshan Medical Group Headquarter, Shenzhen, China.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 16;17(3):e0265201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265201. eCollection 2022.
Cancer is the leading cause of death among Chinese Americans (CAs). Although death rates of cancers can be significantly reduced by screening cancers at an early stage, cancer screening (CS) rates are low among CAs. Interventions on CS may increase the uptake rates of CS and help to decrease the death rates of cancers in CAs.
This study aims to summarize the intervention methods on CS among CAs and compare effects of various intervention methods on the outcomes of CS, including knowledge levels of CS, intentions to complete CS, and actual completions of CS.
A systematic review and meta-analysis design was used. Keyword searching was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Data was analyzed using Review Manager Version 5.4 software. Random effect model and subgroup analyses were conducted.
The search yielded 13 eligible studies. All of the reviewed interventions were culturally tailored. Systematic review results were categorized by intervention delivery objects, intervention led, intervention contact, intervention types, and intervention focus according to group consensus. Meta-analysis results showed that the interventions on CS had a positive effect on all outcomes, including a 1.58 (95% CI, 1.17-2.14; P = 0.003), 1.78 (95% CI, 1.27-2.48; P = 0.0007), and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.22-2.42; P = 0.002) effect on knowledge of CS, intentions to complete CS, and completions of CS, respectively, compared to the control group. The subgroup analysis suggested that physician-led, individual-based, face-to-face client-focused interventions with multiple components increased CS among CAs, with the OR ranging from 1.60 (95% CI, 1.08-2.39; P = 0.02) to 3.11 (95%CI, 1.02-9.49; P = 0.05).
Interventions on CS significantly increased CAs' knowledge of CS, intentions to complete CS, and completions of CS. Physician-led, individual-based, face-to-face client-focused interventions with multiple components should be utilized for CAs.
癌症是美籍华人（CAs）的主要死因。虽然通过早期筛查癌症可以显著降低癌症死亡率，但 CAs 的癌症筛查（CS）率仍然很低。针对 CS 的干预措施可以提高 CS 的接受率，并有助于降低 CAs 的癌症死亡率。
本研究旨在总结 CAs 中 CS 的干预方法，并比较各种干预方法对 CS 结果的影响，包括 CS 的知识水平、完成 CS 的意愿和实际完成 CS 的情况。
采用系统评价和荟萃分析设计。在 PubMed、Google Scholar、PsycINFO 和 CINAHL 上进行关键词搜索。应用纳入和排除标准。使用 PEDro 量表评估研究质量。使用 Review Manager Version 5.4 软件进行数据分析。采用随机效应模型和亚组分析。
搜索共得到 13 项符合条件的研究。所有审查的干预措施均经过文化调整。根据组内共识，系统评价结果按干预对象、干预主导者、干预接触、干预类型和干预重点进行分类。荟萃分析结果表明，CS 的干预措施对所有结果均有积极影响，包括 CS 知识的知晓率提高 1.58（95%CI，1.17-2.14；P=0.003）、完成 CS 的意愿提高 1.78（95%CI，1.27-2.48；P=0.0007）和实际完成 CS 的比例提高 1.72（95%CI，1.22-2.42；P=0.002），与对照组相比。亚组分析表明，以医生为主导、以个体为基础、以面对面客户为重点、具有多种成分的干预措施可以提高 CAs 的 CS 接受率，比值比（OR）范围为 1.60（95%CI，1.08-2.39；P=0.02）至 3.11（95%CI，1.02-9.49；P=0.05）。
针对 CS 的干预措施显著提高了 CAs 的 CS 知识水平、完成 CS 的意愿和实际完成 CS 的比例。应以医生为主导、以个体为基础、以面对面客户为重点、具有多种成分的干预措施应用于 CAs。
