Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Cell Rep. 2022 Mar 15;38(11):110525. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110525.
Female germ cells develop into oocytes, with the capacity for totipotency. In most animals, these remarkable cells are specified during development and cannot be regenerated. By contrast, planarians, known for their regenerative prowess, can regenerate germ cells. To uncover mechanisms required for female germ cell development and regeneration, we generated gonad-specific transcriptomes and identified genes whose expression defines progressive stages of female germ cell development. Strikingly, early female germ cells share molecular signatures with the pluripotent stem cells driving planarian regeneration. We observe spatial heterogeneity within somatic ovarian cells and find that a regionally enriched foxL homolog is required for oocyte differentiation, but not specification, suggestive of functionally distinct somatic compartments. Unexpectedly, a neurotransmitter-biosynthetic enzyme, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), is also expressed in somatic gonadal cells, and plays opposing roles in female and male germ cell development. Thus, somatic gonadal cells deploy conserved factors to regulate germ cell development and regeneration in planarians.
雌性生殖细胞发育为卵母细胞，具有全能性。在大多数动物中，这些显著的细胞在发育过程中被指定，并且不能再生。相比之下，以再生能力而闻名的涡虫可以再生生殖细胞。为了揭示雌性生殖细胞发育和再生所需的机制，我们生成了性腺特异性转录组，并鉴定了表达定义雌性生殖细胞发育渐进阶段的基因。引人注目的是，早期雌性生殖细胞与驱动涡虫再生的多能干细胞具有分子特征。我们观察到体腔卵巢细胞内的空间异质性，并发现局部富集的 foxL 同源物对于卵母细胞分化是必需的，但不是特异性的，这表明存在功能上不同的体腔隔室。出乎意料的是，一种神经递质生物合成酶，芳香族 L-氨基酸脱羧酶（AADC），也在体腔性腺细胞中表达，并在雌性和雄性生殖细胞发育中发挥相反的作用。因此，体腔性腺细胞利用保守因子来调节涡虫的生殖细胞发育和再生。
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