Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Development. 2024 Apr 1;151(7). doi: 10.1242/dev.201102. Epub 2024 Apr 12.
The germline provides the genetic and non-genetic information that passes from one generation to the next. Given this important role in species propagation, egg and sperm precursors, called primordial germ cells (PGCs), are one of the first cell types specified during embryogenesis. In fact, PGCs form well before the bipotential somatic gonad is specified. This common feature of germline development necessitates that PGCs migrate through many tissues to reach the somatic gonad. During their journey, PGCs must respond to select environmental cues while ignoring others in a dynamically developing embryo. The complex multi-tissue, combinatorial nature of PGC migration is an excellent model for understanding how cells navigate complex environments in vivo. Here, we discuss recent findings on the migratory path, the somatic cells that shepherd PGCs, the guidance cues somatic cells provide, and the PGC response to these cues to reach the gonad and establish the germline pool for future generations. We end by discussing the fate of wayward PGCs that fail to reach the gonad in diverse species. Collectively, this field is poised to yield important insights into emerging reproductive technologies.
生殖细胞系提供从一代传递到下一代的遗传和非遗传信息。鉴于其在物种繁殖中的重要作用,卵和精子前体,称为原始生殖细胞(PGC),是胚胎发生过程中最早指定的细胞类型之一。事实上,PGC 在双潜能体生殖腺被指定之前就已经形成了。生殖细胞系发育的这一共同特征要求 PGC 迁移通过许多组织到达体生殖腺。在它们的旅程中,PGC 必须对选择的环境线索做出反应,同时忽略胚胎中其他正在发育的线索。PGC 迁移的复杂多组织、组合性质是理解细胞如何在体内导航复杂环境的绝佳模型。在这里,我们讨论了关于迁移路径、引导 PGC 的体细胞、体细胞提供的指导线索以及 PGC 对这些线索的反应的最新发现,以到达生殖腺并为后代建立生殖细胞库。最后,我们讨论了在不同物种中未能到达生殖腺的迷途 PGC 的命运。总的来说,这个领域有望为新兴的生殖技术提供重要的见解。
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019-12-19
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2019-5-14
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2004-4
Biochem Soc Trans. 2025-7-17
Genetics. 2025-4-17