Inoue M, Sato T, Yoshinaga K
Tohoku J Exp Med. 1986 Jun;149(2):183-9. doi: 10.1620/tjem.149.183.
Effects of monosaccharides and disaccharides on insulin release from the isolated islets were studied. Insulin release from the isolated islets was 26.2 microU/5 islets/hr in carbohydrate-free medium and increased by the addition of D-glucose or D-mannose. L-Glucose was ineffective by itself but potentiated the insulin release stimulated by D-glucose. Effects of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine on insulin release were similar to those of L-glucose. Among monosaccharides, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, D-galactosamine, L-fucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid and D-ribose decreased insulin release and had no effect on insulin release by D-glucose. D-Galactose and D-fructose also decreased insulin release. However, they potentiated the insulin release when D-glucose was also present. Cellobiose and lactose, which have a beta(1-4) linkage to glucose molecule at the reducing end, inhibited insulin release stimulated by D-glucose. On the other hand, sucrose and maltose lacking the beta(1-4) linkage, did not inhibit the insulin release stimulated by D-glucose. These results suggest that insulin release from the isolated islets is stimulated by carbohydrates which can be metabolized in B-cells. Non-metabolizable analogues of D-glucose or disaccharides show different effects on glucose transport or glucose metabolism in the B-cells according to their chemical structures.
研究了单糖和双糖对分离胰岛胰岛素释放的影响。在无碳水化合物培养基中，分离胰岛的胰岛素释放量为26.2微单位/5个胰岛/小时，添加D-葡萄糖或D-甘露糖后胰岛素释放量增加。L-葡萄糖本身无效，但能增强D-葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放。葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺对胰岛素释放的影响与L-葡萄糖相似。在单糖中，2-脱氧-D-核糖、D-半乳糖胺、L-岩藻糖、N-乙酰神经氨酸和D-核糖可降低胰岛素释放，且对D-葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放无影响。D-半乳糖和D-果糖也可降低胰岛素释放。然而，当同时存在D-葡萄糖时，它们能增强胰岛素释放。纤维二糖和乳糖在还原端与葡萄糖分子具有β(1-4)连接，可抑制D-葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放。另一方面，缺乏β(1-4)连接的蔗糖和麦芽糖不抑制D-葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放。这些结果表明，分离胰岛的胰岛素释放受到可在B细胞中代谢的碳水化合物的刺激。D-葡萄糖或双糖的不可代谢类似物根据其化学结构对B细胞中的葡萄糖转运或葡萄糖代谢表现出不同的影响。
