College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity. Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
BMC Vet Res. 2022 Mar 16;18(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03212-9.
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage in domestic pigs and vervet monkeys is a risk factor for subsequent severe infections in domestic pigs and for dissemination to the human population. This study assessed nasal carriage of MRSA in domestic pigs and sympatric vervet monkeys in a rural African village during an outbreak of a virus hemorrhagic fever suspected to be contracted from wild primates. This study was conducted during the 2012 Ebola outbreak to determine nasal carriage of MRSA in free-ranging domestic pigs and sympatric freely roaming vervet monkeys using conventional methods. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from the anterior nares were tested for susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics and conventional PCR was used to confirm methicillin resistance. The MRSA strains were then genotyped using SCCmec typing.
Overall, there was a high level of resistance to tetracycline [90% (63/70) in pigs and 67% (10/15) in vervet monkeys], trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole [90% (63/70) in pigs and 67% (10/15) in vervet monkeys], and penicillin [83% (58/70) in pigs and 67% (10/15) in vervet monkeys]. Most of the MRSA strains (91.6%, 11/12) were of the SCCmec type I [1B] genotype.
The nasal carriage of drug resistant S. aureus in freely roaming domestic and wild animals presents a risk for widespread environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance thus presenting a risk for treatment failure in domestic animals, wild animals, and humans.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）在猪和长尾猕猴中的鼻腔携带是猪随后发生严重感染以及向人类传播的一个风险因素。本研究评估了在疑似由野生灵长类动物传播的病毒出血热暴发期间，农村非洲村庄中猪和同域长尾猕猴的 MRSA 鼻腔携带情况。这项研究是在 2012 年埃博拉疫情期间进行的，目的是使用常规方法确定自由放养的猪和同域自由漫游的长尾猕猴鼻腔中是否携带 MRSA。从鼻腔前部分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）对常用抗生素的敏感性进行了测试，并用常规 PCR 确认耐甲氧西林。然后使用 SCCmec 分型对 MRSA 菌株进行了基因分型。
总体而言，猪对四环素的耐药率很高[90%（63/70）]，长尾猕猴对四环素的耐药率为 67%（10/15）；猪对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率为 90%（63/70），长尾猕猴对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率为 67%（10/15）；猪对青霉素的耐药率为 83%（58/70），长尾猕猴对青霉素的耐药率为 67%（10/15）。大多数 MRSA 菌株（91.6%，11/12）为 SCCmec 类型 I[1B]基因型。
自由漫游的家养和野生动物中携带耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌，会增加抗生素耐药性在环境中广泛传播的风险，从而对家畜、野生动物和人类的治疗产生影响。
