Wijerathna Tharaka, Gunathilaka Nayana, Gunawardena Kithsiri, Rodrigo Wasana
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
Acta Trop. 2022 Jun;230:106406. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106406. Epub 2022 Mar 13.
Sand flies are the primary vectors of leishmaniasis. Disease management with effective vector control depends on the knowledge of vector population dynamics. In Sri Lanka, despite few isolated entomological collections, long-term studies are not reported to date. In the reported study, monthly entomological surveillance was conducted from May 2017 to December 2018 in Polpithigama, Maho, and Galgamuwa Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas using standard entomological techniques. Climatic data were collected from the Department of Meteorology, Sri Lanka. Patient records were collected from each MOH office. A total of 38,339 sand flies were collected. The majority were Phlebotomus argentipes (99.50%, n = 38,147), while the rest was Sergentomyia punjabensis (0.50%, n = 192). Wind speed reduces sand fly abundance (r = -0.519, P < 0.05) evidently by limiting the movement. Rainfall increases sand fly abundance (r = 0.842, P <0.05, lag = 6 months) probably by improving favorable conditions in breeding sites. The actual effect of humidity is not conclusive without further research. The observed higher prevalence of leishmaniasis in the study sites could be due to the higher sand fly density in these areas. The number of patients shows a strong positive correlation (r = 0.516, P <0.05) to the sand fly abundance with a lag of 7 months. Systematic surveillance of sand flies as a part of general healthcare services is strongly recommended to identify and prevent possible outbreaks through timely planned vector control measures.
白蛉是利什曼病的主要传播媒介。通过有效的媒介控制进行疾病管理依赖于对媒介种群动态的了解。在斯里兰卡，尽管有一些孤立的昆虫学采集，但迄今为止尚未有长期研究报告。在本报告的研究中，于2017年5月至2018年12月期间，在波尔皮蒂加马、马霍和加尔加穆瓦卫生官员辖区使用标准昆虫学技术进行了月度昆虫学监测。气候数据从斯里兰卡气象局收集。患者记录从每个卫生官员办公室收集。共采集到38339只白蛉。其中大多数是银足白蛉（99.50%，n = 38147），其余的是旁遮普司蛉（0.50%，n = 192）。风速通过限制活动明显降低白蛉数量（r = -0.519，P < 0.05）。降雨可能通过改善繁殖地的有利条件增加白蛉数量（r = 0.842，P < 0.05，滞后6个月）。湿度的实际影响在没有进一步研究的情况下尚无定论。研究地点观察到的利什曼病较高患病率可能是由于这些地区白蛉密度较高。患者数量与白蛉数量呈强正相关（r = 0.516，P < 0.05），滞后7个月。强烈建议将对白蛉的系统监测作为一般医疗服务的一部分，通过及时规划的媒介控制措施来识别和预防可能的疫情爆发。
