Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Civil and Architectural Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Kuo Research & Consulting, Toronto, Canada.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jun 15;432:128630. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128630. Epub 2022 Mar 5.
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a widely used brominated flame retardants, has been detected in various environmental matrices and is known to cause various adverse effects on human bodies. This study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of remediating TBBPA using Cu/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (Cu/Fe BNPs) at various environmental and operational conditions. In general, TBBPA removal rate and debromination efficiency increased with higher Cu doping, higher Cu/Fe BNPs loading, higher temperature, and lower pH. At optimal conditions, TBBPA was completed removed at a rate constant > 0.2 min where over 90% TBBPA was transformed to BPA within 30 min. The activation energy was found to be 35.6 kJ/mol, indicating that TBBPA was predominantly removed via surface-controlled reactions. Under pH 3-7 and ≥ 25 °C, debromination was the dominant removal mechanism compared to adsorption. The complete debromination pathway and the time-evolution of intermediates byproducts at different pHs were also presented. Cu/Fe BNPs can be reused for more than 6 times with performance constancy. Genotoxic tests showed that the treated solution did not find a significant hazardous potential. The byproducts can be further degraded by additional HO through Fenton reaction. These results demonstrated the efficacy of Cu/Fe BNPs for treating TBBPA and its potential for degrading other halogenated organic compounds.
四溴双酚 A（TBBPA）是一种广泛使用的溴化阻燃剂，已在各种环境基质中被检测到，并已知对人体造成各种不良影响。本研究探讨了在各种环境和操作条件下使用铜/铁双金属纳米粒子（Cu/Fe BNPs）修复 TBBPA 的可行性和效果。一般来说，TBBPA 的去除率和脱溴效率随着更高的 Cu 掺杂、更高的 Cu/Fe BNPs 负载、更高的温度和更低的 pH 值而增加。在最佳条件下，TBBPA 以大于 0.2 min 的速率常数完全去除，超过 90%的 TBBPA 在 30 min 内转化为 BPA。发现活化能为 35.6 kJ/mol，表明 TBBPA 主要通过表面控制反应去除。在 pH 3-7 和≥25°C 下，与吸附相比，脱溴是主要的去除机制。还提出了不同 pH 值下完全脱溴途径和中间产物副产物的时间演化。Cu/Fe BNPs 可以重复使用 6 次以上，性能保持不变。遗传毒性测试表明，处理后的溶液没有发现显著的危险潜力。副产物可以通过额外的 HO 通过芬顿反应进一步降解。这些结果表明了 Cu/Fe BNPs 处理 TBBPA 的有效性及其降解其他卤代有机化合物的潜力。
