Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2022 Nov;69(6):e12904. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12904. Epub 2022 Apr 1.
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite and the causative agent of Toxoplasmosis. A key to understanding and treating the disease lies with determining how the parasite can survive and replicate within cells of its host. Proteins released from specialized secretory vesicles, named the dense granules (DGs), have diverse functions that are critical for adapting the intracellular environment, and are thus key to survival and pathogenicity. In this review, we describe the current understanding and outstanding questions regarding dense granule biogenesis, trafficking, and regulation of secretion. In addition, we provide an overview of dense granule protein ("GRA") function upon secretion, with a focus on proteins that have recently been identified.
刚地弓形虫是一种专性细胞内寄生虫，也是弓形体病的病原体。了解和治疗这种疾病的关键在于确定寄生虫如何在宿主细胞内生存和复制。从专门的分泌小泡（称为致密颗粒（DG））中释放的蛋白质具有多种功能，对于适应细胞内环境至关重要，因此是生存和致病性的关键。在这篇综述中，我们描述了致密颗粒生物发生、运输和分泌调节的当前理解和悬而未决的问题。此外，我们还概述了致密颗粒蛋白（“GRA”）分泌后的功能，重点介绍了最近发现的蛋白质。
