College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
Waste Manag. 2022 May 1;144:19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.008. Epub 2022 Mar 15.
Landfill leachate is an important source and sink of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which poses a potential threat to human health and ecological environment. Ten antibiotics and 8 ARGs in leachates collected from Zhejiang Province, China, were systematically investigated. The effects of multiple factors were considered: leachate age, season when the leachate was sampled (dry or rainy), heavy metal concentrations, and leachate quality parameters. Leachate age was crucial to the profile of the detectable antibiotics and ARGs. The total concentration of antibiotics were in the order of macrolides > sulfonamides > tetracyclines and they decreased significantly with leachate age. Similarly, fewer ARGs were harbored in aged leachate; the order of abundance of the ARGs was mexF (11.92 ± 0.22 log gene copies/L) > sul2 > Intl1 > sul1 > ermB > mefA > tetM > tetQ (9.57 ± 1.32 log gene copies/L). The extreme abundances (i.e., the maxima and minima) of ARGs relating to the same class of antibiotic were always surprisingly similar and appeared in leachate of the same age. Seasonal variation greatly affected the concentrations of antibiotics in the leachate-the concentration difference between the dry and rainy seasons could reach two orders of magnitude. Heavy metal concentrations and leachate quality parameters also had important effects on the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs. Overall, the profile of antibiotics and ARGs in leachates was influenced by numerous factors, and the pollution of antibiotics and ARGs may be reduced and controlled by adjusting the environmental factors.
垃圾渗滤液是抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的重要来源和汇，对人类健康和生态环境构成潜在威胁。本研究系统调查了中国浙江省采集的渗滤液中的 10 种抗生素和 8 种 ARGs。考虑了多种因素的影响：渗滤液年龄、采样季节（旱季或雨季）、重金属浓度和渗滤液质量参数。渗滤液年龄对可检测抗生素和 ARGs 的特征具有重要影响。抗生素的总浓度顺序为大环内酯类>磺胺类>四环素类，且随渗滤液年龄的增加而显著降低。同样，老化渗滤液中携带的 ARGs 较少；ARGs 的丰度顺序为 mexF（11.92±0.22 log 基因拷贝/L）>sul2>Intl1>sul1>ermB>mefA>tetM>tetQ（9.57±1.32 log 基因拷贝/L）。与同一类抗生素相关的 ARGs 的极端丰度（即最大值和最小值）总是惊人地相似，并出现在相同年龄的渗滤液中。季节变化极大地影响了渗滤液中抗生素的浓度-旱季和雨季之间的浓度差异可达两个数量级。重金属浓度和渗滤液质量参数也对抗生素和 ARGs 的分布有重要影响。总体而言，渗滤液中抗生素和 ARGs 的特征受多种因素影响，通过调整环境因素可能会减少和控制抗生素和 ARGs 的污染。
