A chronic unit study of the sensory properties of neurons in the forelimb areas of rat sensorimotor cortex.

The sensory properties of neurons in the several forelimb areas of rat sensorimotor cortex were examined using the technique of extracellular single-unit recording in the awake, head-restrained rat. Cells with peripheral receptive fields were tested for the amount and modality of sensory input during joint manipulation and brushing and tapping of limbs, face and trunk. Input-output correlations were made on the basis of the results of receptive field mapping and intracortical microstimulation in the same electrode penetration. It was found that neurons (n = 117) in the rostral forelimb area receive virtually no sensory input while 30% of neurons (n = 114) in the caudal forelimb primary motor area do receive such input. The inputs to caudal forelimb motor area neurons were primarily (83%) from single joints; along perpendicular electrode penetrations the same joint that activated a cortical cell also moved when microstimulation was delivered along the same electrode penetration. In the granular and dysgranular zones of somatic sensory forelimb cortex, 70% of neurons (n = 82) were responsive to peripheral sensory inputs, with most of the cells in the granular cortex responsive to cutaneous inputs while cells in the dysgranular cortex were more responsive to deep inputs. The lack of sensory inputs to the rostral forelimb motor area is consistent with the proposal that this region may be a part of the supplementary motor area of the rat.