Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna, Koziel Slawomir, Ullah Ubaid
Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
Engineering Optimization and Modeling Center, Reykjavik University, 102, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 18;12(1):4667. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08710-2.
Electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools have become indispensable in the design of contemporary antennas. Still, the major setback of EM-driven design is the associated computational overhead. This is because a single full-wave simulation may take from dozens of seconds up to several hours, thus, the cost of solving design tasks that involve multiple EM analyses may turn unmanageable. This is where faster system representations (surrogates) come into play. Replacing expensive EM-based evaluations by cheap yet accurate metamodels seems to be an attractive solution. Still, in antenna design, application of surrogate models is hindered by the curse of dimensionality. A practical workaround has been offered by the recently reported reference-design-free constrained modeling techniques that restrict the metamodel domain to the parameter space region encompassing high-quality designs. Therein, the domain is established using only a handful of EM-simulations. This paper proposes a novel modeling technique, which incorporates the response feature technology into the constrained modeling framework. Our methodology allows for rendering accurate surrogates using exceptionally small training data sets, at the expense of reducing the generality of the modeling procedure to antennas that exhibit consistent shape of input characteristics. The proposed technique can be employed in other fields that employ costly simulation models (e.g., mechanical or aerospace engineering).
电磁（EM）仿真工具在当代天线设计中已变得不可或缺。然而，基于EM驱动的设计的主要挫折在于其相关的计算开销。这是因为单次全波仿真可能需要几十秒到几个小时，因此，解决涉及多个EM分析的设计任务的成本可能变得难以管理。这就是更快的系统表示（代理模型）发挥作用的地方。用廉价但准确的元模型取代昂贵的基于EM的评估似乎是一个有吸引力的解决方案。然而，在天线设计中，代理模型的应用受到维度诅咒的阻碍。最近报道的无参考设计约束建模技术提供了一种实际的解决方法，该技术将元模型域限制在包含高质量设计的参数空间区域。在其中，仅使用少量的EM仿真来建立该域。本文提出了一种新颖的建模技术，该技术将响应特征技术纳入约束建模框架。我们的方法允许使用异常小的训练数据集来生成准确的代理模型，但代价是将建模过程的通用性降低到具有一致输入特征形状的天线上。所提出的技术可应用于其他使用昂贵仿真模型的领域（例如机械或航空航天工程）。
