College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jul;299:134354. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134354. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
Microplastics, as a group of emerging contaminants, are widely present in environmental media and have the potential to endanger the ecological environment and human health. Due to the inconsistencies and difficulties inherent in the analysis of microplastic particles, global monitoring data on the distribution of microplastics in the environment are still far from sufficient. The fate and migration of microplastics in the environment are also uncertain. Therefore, there have been increasing reviews on the distribution, biological effects, migration, and health risks of microplastics. However, reports focusing on the degradation of microplastics are still rare. Understanding and commanding the environmental behavior of microplastics are of great significance to explore the treatment of microplastic pollution. Although some preliminary studies on microplastics have been carried out, there is still an urgent need to conduct a comprehensive study on environmental behaviors and degradation methods of microplastics in different environmental media. This article summarizes the recent advances on microplastics, basically includes the distribution and ecological impact of microplastics in soil and water environments, then elaborates the migration behavior and influencing factors of microplastics, and focuses on the research progress of microplastics degradation methods. On this basis, the problems existing in the current research and the future development directions have been proposed. This review could provide a more systematic reference for the development and research of microplastics in the future.
微塑料作为一组新兴污染物，广泛存在于环境介质中，有可能危及生态环境和人类健康。由于微塑料颗粒分析中固有的不一致性和困难，全球环境中微塑料分布的监测数据仍然远远不够。微塑料在环境中的归宿和迁移也不确定。因此，人们对微塑料的分布、生物效应、迁移和健康风险进行了越来越多的综述。然而，专门针对微塑料降解的报道仍然很少。了解和掌握微塑料的环境行为对于探索微塑料污染的处理方法具有重要意义。尽管已经对微塑料进行了一些初步研究，但仍迫切需要对不同环境介质中微塑料的环境行为和降解方法进行全面研究。本文总结了微塑料的最新进展，基本包括了微塑料在土壤和水环境中的分布和生态影响，然后详细阐述了微塑料的迁移行为和影响因素，并重点介绍了微塑料降解方法的研究进展。在此基础上，提出了当前研究中存在的问题和未来的发展方向。本文综述可为微塑料未来的开发和研究提供更系统的参考。
