Lin Yan-Duan, Huang Ping-Hsiu, Chen Yu-Wei, Hsieh Chang-Wei, Tain You-Lin, Lee Bao-Hong, Hou Chih-Yao, Shih Ming-Kuei
Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
School of Food, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, No.4, Meicheng Road, Higher Education Park, Huai'an 223003, China.
Toxics. 2023 Sep 1;11(9):747. doi: 10.3390/toxics11090747.
Celluloid, the predecessor to plastic, was synthesized in 1869, and due to technological advancements, plastic products appear to be ubiquitous in daily life. The massive production, rampant usage, and inadequate disposal of plastic products have led to severe environmental pollution. Consequently, reducing the employment of plastic has emerged as a pressing concern for governments globally. This review explores microplastics, including their origins, absorption, and harmful effects on the environment and humans. Several methods exist for breaking down plastics, including thermal, mechanical, light, catalytic, and biological processes. Despite these methods, microplastics (MPs, between 1 and 5 mm in size) continue to be produced during degradation. Acknowledging the significant threat that MPs pose to the environment and human health is imperative. This form of pollution is pervasive in the air and food and infiltrates our bodies through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. It is essential to assess the potential hazards that MPs can introduce. There is evidence suggesting that MPs may have negative impacts on different areas of human health. These include the respiratory, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous, and reproductive systems, the liver and organs, the skin, and even the placenta and placental barrier. It is encouraging to see that most of the countries have taken steps to regulate plastic particles. These measures aim to reduce plastic usage, which is essential today. At the same time, this review summarizes the degradation mechanism of plastics, their impact on human health, and plastic reduction policies worldwide. It provides valuable information for future research on MPs and regulatory development.
赛璐珞作为塑料的前身，于1869年被合成出来。由于技术进步，塑料制品在日常生活中似乎无处不在。塑料制品的大量生产、广泛使用以及处理不当导致了严重的环境污染。因此，减少塑料的使用已成为全球各国政府迫切关注的问题。这篇综述探讨了微塑料，包括它们的来源、吸收以及对环境和人类的有害影响。存在几种分解塑料的方法，包括热解、机械、光解、催化和生物过程。尽管有这些方法，但在降解过程中仍会产生微塑料（尺寸在1至5毫米之间）。必须认识到微塑料对环境和人类健康构成的重大威胁。这种污染形式在空气和食物中普遍存在，并通过摄入、吸入或皮肤接触渗透到我们的身体中。评估微塑料可能带来的潜在危害至关重要。有证据表明，微塑料可能对人类健康的不同领域产生负面影响。这些领域包括呼吸系统、胃肠道、免疫系统、神经系统和生殖系统、肝脏和器官、皮肤，甚至胎盘和胎盘屏障。令人欣慰的是，大多数国家已采取措施对塑料颗粒进行监管。这些措施旨在减少塑料的使用，这在当今至关重要。同时，这篇综述总结了塑料的降解机制、它们对人类健康的影响以及全球范围内的减塑政策。它为未来关于微塑料的研究和监管发展提供了有价值的信息。
