Department of Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022 May 9;377(1850):20210486. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0486. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
In flowering plants, male and female functions are usually closely associated in the same flowers, as predicted by resource allocation theory. However, the benefits of outbreeding can lead to unisexual flowers and the physiological control of their distribution across the plant (monoecy). Monoecy is thought to be a major route to dioecy (separation of sexual function of different individuals). The developmental and functional problems associated with unisexual flowers may thus be solved at the level of the evolution of monoecy. Consequently, the evolution of dioecy from monoecy requires mutations in only a single gene. Here various scenarios (conceptual models) are presented for the evolution of monoecy and dioecy, including scenarios consistent with known cases of single-gene control of dioecy, such as in , and the artificial breeding of dioecy from monoecy experimentally achieved in and . Attention is also drawn here to the phenomenon of pleogamy, the minor or occasional occurrence of additional sex morphs within a species, which may provide important information about the genetic and developmental control of various sexual systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sex determination and sex chromosome evolution in land plants'.
在有花植物中,雄性和雌性功能通常密切相关,存在于同一朵花中,这与资源分配理论的预测一致。然而,异花授粉的好处会导致单性花的产生,以及其在植物上分布的生理控制(雌雄同体)。雌雄同体被认为是雌雄异体(不同个体的性功能分离)的主要途径。因此,与单性花相关的发育和功能问题可能在雌雄同体的进化水平上得到解决。因此,雌雄异体从雌雄同体的进化只需要单个基因突变。这里提出了各种关于雌雄同体和雌雄异体进化的情景(概念模型),包括与单基因控制雌雄异体的已知情况一致的情景,例如 和 中人工诱导的从雌雄同体到雌雄异体的实验。这里还关注了多配性的现象,即在一个物种内偶尔出现额外的性形态,这可能提供了关于各种性系统的遗传和发育控制的重要信息。本文是主题为“陆地植物的性别决定和性染色体进化”的一部分。