Ridge Sarah T, McLean Dallin, Bruening Dustin, Richards Jim
Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Sports Biomech. 2024 Dec;23(12):2637-2648. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2046844. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Successful performance of difficult, multi-revolution jumps is a critical aspect of singles and pairs figure skating. Key determinants of quality jumps include jump height, angular momentum at takeoff (L_Body) and total body moment of inertia (I_Body). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of weighted gloves on L_Body of figure skating jumps. Kinematic data was collected from thirteen skaters during on-ice testing sessions conducted before and after one week of training with weighted gloves. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare metrics from jumps performed pre-training without weights (PreNW), post-training without weights (PostNW) and post-training with weights (PostW). No significant differences were found between kinematics in PreNW and PostNW. Skaters did not pull their arms in as tightly while wearing the weighted gloves (distance from the wrists to the axis of rotation were 13.6% and 12.1% greater in PostW than PreNW and PreW, respectively). A post hoc simulation showed that the added mass affected I_Body in the air. While theoretical evidence supports the use of weighted gloves in figure skating jumps, compensations negated their effectiveness in jumps the skaters could already perform well. Optimal implementation may be when skaters are learning new jumps.
成功完成高难度的多周跳跃动作是单人花样滑冰和双人花样滑冰的关键要素。高质量跳跃动作的关键决定因素包括跳跃高度、起跳时的角动量（L_Body）和全身转动惯量（I_Body）。本研究的目的是确定加重手套对花样滑冰跳跃动作的L_Body的影响。在使用加重手套进行为期一周的训练前后的冰上测试环节中，收集了13名滑冰运动员的运动学数据。采用单向重复测量方差分析来比较无负重训练前（PreNW）、无负重训练后（PostNW）和负重训练后（PostW）跳跃动作的各项指标。PreNW和PostNW的运动学数据无显著差异。滑冰运动员在佩戴加重手套时没有像之前那样将手臂收紧（PostW时从手腕到旋转轴的距离分别比PreNW和PreW时大13.6%和12.1%）。事后模拟表明，增加的重量在空中影响了I_Body。虽然理论证据支持在花样滑冰跳跃动作中使用加重手套，但一些补偿行为抵消了其在运动员原本就能完成得很好的跳跃动作中的效果。最佳的应用时机可能是在滑冰运动员学习新的跳跃动作时。
