Ciliberti M G, Francavilla M, Albenzio M, Inghese C, Santillo A, Sevi A, Caroprese M
Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; STAR Facility Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
J Dairy Sci. 2022 May;105(5):4335-4353. doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-21098. Epub 2022 Mar 17.
The objective of this study was to apply microwave-assisted extraction using green solvents starting from 3 different wine (white, rosé, and red) lees and to test their bio-response on sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cytokines secretion. Wine lees (WL) of local organic farming from white wine, produced with Trebbiano cultivar, rosé and red wine, made with Nero di Troia cultivar, were collected. The WL were subjected to microwave-assisted extraction using 2 green solvents (water and ethanol) in 3 different combinations (water; water/ethanol 1:1 vol/vol; ethanol) with a dry matter-to-solvent ratio of 1:40 (wt/vol) at 4 temperature levels: 50, 100, 150, and 200°C. Sodium carbonate NaCO (2 mmol/g of dry weight of lees) was used for increasing the polyphenol extraction yield. A total number of 6 extracts, 2 for each kind of WL investigated, according to their total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant capacity, were selected to be tested on sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as an animal model. All the WL extracts demonstrated a strong antiproliferative action. On the contrary, the cytokines' profile was mainly dependent on the different winemaking derived WL and the extraction solvent combination procedures. Red WL extract obtained by a combination of water/NaCO and tested at 0.8 mg/mL, resulted in an increase of both IL-6 secretion and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Data from the present study demonstrated that WL extracts derived from different winemaking and solvent extraction could have a bimodal action on control of inflammatory mediated damage and highlighted the importance for further studies aimed at applying the biorefinery process on by-products to increase their economic value and exploit new derived bioactive compound.
本研究的目的是从3种不同的葡萄酒（白葡萄酒、桃红葡萄酒和红葡萄酒）酒泥开始，使用绿色溶剂进行微波辅助提取，并测试其对绵羊外周血单个核细胞增殖、Bax/Bcl-2比率和细胞因子分泌的生物反应。收集了用特雷比奥罗品种生产的当地有机种植白葡萄酒、用特罗亚黑品种制成的桃红葡萄酒和红葡萄酒的酒泥（WL）。将WL用2种绿色溶剂（水和乙醇）以3种不同组合（水；水/乙醇1:1体积/体积；乙醇）进行微波辅助提取，干物质与溶剂的比例为1:40（重量/体积），温度为4个水平：50、100、150和200°C。使用碳酸钠NaCO（2 mmol/g酒泥干重）来提高多酚提取率。根据其总酚含量和体外抗氧化能力，从每种研究的WL中总共选择6种提取物，每种2种，作为动物模型在绵羊外周血单个核细胞上进行测试。所有的WL提取物都表现出很强的抗增殖作用。相反，细胞因子谱主要取决于不同酿酒来源的WL和提取溶剂组合程序。通过水/NaCO组合获得并在0.8 mg/mL下测试的红色WL提取物导致IL-6分泌和Bax/Bcl-2比率均增加。本研究的数据表明，来自不同酿酒和溶剂提取的WL提取物在控制炎症介导的损伤方面可能具有双峰作用，并强调了进一步研究的重要性，这些研究旨在将生物精炼工艺应用于副产品，以提高其经济价值并开发新的衍生生物活性化合物。
