Melo Filipe de Oliveira, Ferreira Vanessa Cosme, Barbero Gerardo Fernandez, Carrera Ceferino, Ferreira Ederlan de Souza, Umsza-Guez Marcelo Andrés
Food Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-100, Brazil.
School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, Brazil.
Foods. 2024 Jun 28;13(13):2060. doi: 10.3390/foods13132060.
The extraction of bioactive compounds from wine lees involves a variety of methods, the selection of which is crucial to ensure optimal yields. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines and utilizing the Web of Science database, aimed to examine the current state of this field, providing insights for future investigations. The search employed strategies with truncation techniques and Boolean operators, followed by a three-step screening using well-defined eligibility criteria. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to identify authors, affiliations, countries/regions, and research trends. Thirty references were selected for analysis, with Spain standing out as the main source of research on the topic. The majority of studies (66%) focused on the extraction of bioactive compounds from alcoholic fermentation lees, while 33% were directed towards malolactic fermentation lees. Binary mixtures (ethanol-water) were the predominant solvents, with ultrasound being the most used extraction method (31.3%), providing the highest average yields (288.6%) for the various evaluated compounds, especially flavonoids. The potential of wine lees as a source of bioactive compounds is highlighted, along with the need for further research exploring alternative extraction technologies and the combination of methods. Additionally, the importance of "in vitro" and "in vivo" tests to assess the bioactive potential of lees, as well as the use of computational tools to optimize extraction and identify the molecules responsible for bioactive activity, is emphasized.
从酒糟中提取生物活性化合物涉及多种方法，方法的选择对于确保最佳产量至关重要。本系统评价遵循PRISMA指南并利用科学网数据库，旨在审视该领域的现状，为未来的研究提供见解。检索采用了截断技术和布尔运算符的策略，随后使用明确的纳入标准进行三步筛选。进行了文献计量分析以确定作者、所属机构、国家/地区和研究趋势。选择了30篇参考文献进行分析，西班牙是该主题研究的主要来源。大多数研究（66%）聚焦于从酒精发酵酒糟中提取生物活性化合物，而33%针对苹果酸乳酸发酵酒糟。二元混合物（乙醇-水）是主要溶剂，超声是最常用的提取方法（31.3%），对于各种评估的化合物，尤其是黄酮类化合物，提供了最高的平均产率（288.6%）。强调了酒糟作为生物活性化合物来源的潜力，以及进一步研究探索替代提取技术和方法组合的必要性。此外，还强调了“体外”和“体内”试验对于评估酒糟生物活性潜力的重要性，以及使用计算工具优化提取和鉴定具有生物活性的分子的重要性。
