Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, 701 82, Sweden.
Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, 701 82, Sweden; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jul;298:134362. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134362. Epub 2022 Mar 17.
Tire granulates recovered from end-of-life tires contain a complex mixture of chemicals, amongst them polyaromatic compounds (PACs), of which many are recognized to be toxic and persistent in the environment. Only a few of these PACs are regularly monitored. In this study a combined approach of chemical analysis and a battery of CALUX® in vitro bioassays was used to determine PAC concentrations and estrogenic, (anti)-androgenic and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activities in tire granulates. Tire granulates from a recycling company was analyzed for PAHs, alkyl-PAHs, oxy-PAHs and heterocyclic PACs (NSO-PACs), in total 85 PACs. The concentrations of PACs were between 42 and 144 mg/kg, with major contribution from PAHs (74-88%) followed by alkyl-PAHs (6.6-20%) and NSO-PACs (1.8-7.0%). The sum of eight priority PAHs were between 2.3 and 8.6 mg/kg, contributing with 4.7-8.2% of ∑PACs. Bioassay analysis showed presence of AhR agonists, estrogen receptor (ERα) agonists, and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists in the tire granulate samples. Only 0.8-2.4% of AhR-mediated activities could be explained by the chemical analysis. Benzo[k+j]fluoranthenes, benzo[b]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 2-methylchrysene, and 3-methylchrysene were the major contributors to the AhR-mediated activities. The high contribution (98-99%) of unknown bioactive compounds to the bioassay effects in this study raises concerns and urges for further investigations of toxicants identification and source apportionment.
从废旧轮胎中回收的轮胎颗粒含有复杂的化学物质混合物，其中包括多环芳烃（PACs），其中许多被认为是有毒的，在环境中具有持久性。只有少数这些 PACs 得到定期监测。在这项研究中，采用化学分析和一系列 CALUX®体外生物测定的组合方法，测定了轮胎颗粒中的 PAC 浓度以及雌激素、（抗）雄激素和芳香烃受体（AhR）活性。对一家回收公司的轮胎颗粒进行了多环芳烃（PAHs）、烷基多环芳烃（alkyl-PAHs）、含氧多环芳烃（oxy-PAHs）和杂环多环芳烃（NSO-PACs）的分析，共分析了 85 种 PAC。PAC 的浓度在 42 至 144 mg/kg 之间，主要来自 PAHs（74-88%），其次是烷基-PAHs（6.6-20%）和 NSO-PACs（1.8-7.0%）。八种优先 PAHs 的总和在 2.3 至 8.6 mg/kg 之间，占∑PACs 的 4.7-8.2%。生物测定分析表明，轮胎颗粒样品中存在 AhR 激动剂、雌激素受体（ERα）激动剂和雄激素受体（AR）拮抗剂。仅 0.8-2.4%的 AhR 介导的活性可以用化学分析来解释。苯并[k+j]荧蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、2-甲基苊和 3-甲基苊是 AhR 介导的活性的主要贡献者。本研究中生物测定效应的未知生物活性化合物的高贡献率（98-99%）引起了人们的关注，并迫切需要进一步调查有毒物质的鉴定和来源分配。
