College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
Yi Chuan. 2022 Mar 20;44(3):208-215. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.21-299.
Cellular reprogramming is the process during which epigenetic markers of nuclear genome are deleted and remodeled during sperm-egg binding or nuclear transplantation, thereby rendering differentiated cells totipotent. The main cellular reprogramming methods are cell fusion, somatic cell nuclear transplantation, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Nucleosomes are the basic structural and functional units of chromatin, and nucleosome localization has an important role in regulating gene expression and the state of the cell. The occupancy and location of nucleosomes also change dramatically during cellular reprogramming, while the occupancy of nucleosomes around the transcriptional start site also decreases to promote the expression of pluripotency genes. In this review, we summarize the role of nucleosome localization in gene activation and repression, chromatin remodeling, and transcription factor recognition, with the aim of providing an important basis for an in-depth analysis of cellular reprogramming mechanisms.
细胞重编程是指在精子-卵子结合或核移植过程中，核基因组的表观遗传标记被删除和重塑，从而使分化细胞具有全能性的过程。主要的细胞重编程方法有细胞融合、体细胞核移植和诱导多能干细胞。核小体是染色质的基本结构和功能单位，核小体定位在调节基因表达和细胞状态方面起着重要作用。在细胞重编程过程中，核小体的占据和位置也会发生剧烈变化，而转录起始位点周围核小体的占据也会减少，以促进多能性基因的表达。在这篇综述中，我们总结了核小体定位在基因激活和抑制、染色质重塑以及转录因子识别中的作用，旨在为深入分析细胞重编程机制提供重要依据。
