Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC.
Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC.
Med J Aust. 2022 Jun 6;216(10):520-524. doi: 10.5694/mja2.51459. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
To investigate the causes, characteristics, and outcomes of anaphylaxis, particularly drug-related anaphylaxis, in Victoria during the first two years of mandatory notification.
Review of all anaphylaxis cases reported by emergency departments to the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services.
SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: People presenting to all public and private hospital emergency departments in Victoria, 1 November 2018 - 31 December 2020.
Rates of drug- and food-related anaphylaxis, by age group; characteristics of cases of drug-related anaphylaxis.
A total of 4273 anaphylaxis episodes were reported (females: 2292 cases, 54%); the overall anaphylaxis rate was 31.9 episodes per 100 000 person-years. The most frequently reported causes were foods (2659 cases, 62%); drugs were implicated in 533 cases (12%), insect venoms in 342 (8%), and other causes in 144 (4%). No deaths were recorded. The median age in cases of food-related anaphylaxis was 17 years (IQR, 6-29 years), and 45 years (IQR, 30-60 years) in cases of drug-related anaphylaxis. Hospitalisation was required by 1538 patients (36%) and intensive care by 111 (2.6%; 7% of people admitted to hospital). Antimicrobial drugs were implicated in 258 cases of drug-related anaphylaxis (48%) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 85 cases (16%). Penicillin-class agents were implicated in 143 cases of antimicrobial-related anaphylaxis (56%), cephalosporins in 80 cases (31%).
Our review of notified cases of anaphylaxis in Victoria over two years provides insights into drug- and antimicrobial-related anaphylaxis in non-hospitalised people presenting to emergency departments.
调查维多利亚州在强制报告的头两年中过敏反应（尤其是药物相关过敏反应）的病因、特征和结局。
对维多利亚州卫生部和人类服务部向所有急症室报告的所有过敏反应病例进行审查。
地点、参与者：2018 年 11 月 1 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日期间，维多利亚州所有公立和私立医院急症室就诊的所有人。
按年龄组划分的药物和食物相关过敏反应发生率；药物相关过敏反应病例的特征。
共报告了 4273 例过敏反应发作（女性：2292 例，54%）；过敏反应总发生率为每 100000 人年 31.9 例。最常报告的原因是食物（2659 例，62%）；药物在 533 例（12%）、昆虫毒液在 342 例（8%）和其他原因在 144 例（4%）中被牵连。没有死亡记录。食物相关过敏反应病例的中位年龄为 17 岁（IQR，6-29 岁），药物相关过敏反应病例的中位年龄为 45 岁（IQR，30-60 岁）。需要住院治疗的患者有 1538 例（36%），需要重症监护的患者有 111 例（2.6%；住院患者的 7%）。药物相关过敏反应中有 258 例（48%）涉及抗菌药物，85 例（16%）涉及非甾体抗炎药。抗菌药物相关过敏反应中有 143 例（56%）涉及青霉素类药物，80 例（31%）涉及头孢菌素类药物。
我们对维多利亚州两年内报告的过敏反应病例进行的回顾性分析提供了有关非住院人群到急症室就诊时药物和抗菌药物相关过敏反应的见解。
