Swogger Marc T, Smith Kirsten E, Garcia-Romeu Albert, Grundmann Oliver, Veltri Charles A, Henningfield Jack E, Busch Lorna Y
Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.
Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 2;13:801855. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.801855. eCollection 2022.
Kratom ( Korth., Rubiaceae) is a plant native to Southeast Asia, where it has been used for centuries as a mild stimulant and as medicine for various ailments. More recently, as kratom has gained popularity in the West, United States federal agencies have raised concerns over its safety leading to criminalization in some states and cities. Some of these safety concerns have echoed across media and broad-based health websites and, in the absence of clinical trials to test kratom's efficacy and safety, considerable confusion has arisen among healthcare providers. There is, however, a growing literature of peer-reviewed science that can inform healthcare providers so that they are better equipped to discuss kratom use with consumers and people considering kratom use within the context of their overall health and safety, while recognizing that neither kratom nor any of its constituent substances or metabolites have been approved as safe and effective for any disease. An especially important gap in safety-related science is the use of kratom in combination with physiologically active substances and medicines. With these caveats in mind we provide a comprehensive overview of the available science on kratom that has the potential to i clarity for healthcare providers and patients. We conclude by making recommendations for best practices in working with people who use kratom.
kratom（茜草科，Korth.属）是一种原产于东南亚的植物，在那里它作为一种温和的兴奋剂以及治疗各种疾病的药物已有数百年历史。最近，随着kratom在西方越来越受欢迎，美国联邦机构对其安全性表示担忧，导致在一些州和城市将其定为犯罪。其中一些安全担忧在媒体和广泛的健康网站上得到了回应，并且由于缺乏测试kratom功效和安全性的临床试验，医疗保健提供者之间出现了相当大的困惑。然而，有越来越多经过同行评审的科学文献可以为医疗保健提供者提供信息，使他们能够更好地与消费者以及考虑使用kratom的人讨论在其整体健康和安全背景下使用kratom的问题，同时认识到kratom及其任何成分物质或代谢物都未被批准对任何疾病安全有效。与安全相关的科学中一个特别重要的空白是kratom与生理活性物质和药物联合使用的情况。考虑到这些注意事项，我们对有关kratom的现有科学进行了全面概述，这有可能为医疗保健提供者和患者澄清问题。我们最后就与使用kratom的人合作的最佳做法提出建议。
