National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Sep 1;226:108879. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108879. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
Mitragyna speciosa, referred to as "kratom", is increasingly used in the United States for self-treating pain, psychiatric, and substance use disorder symptoms. It is used by some to attenuate opioid withdrawal and as a longer-term drug substitute. Most self-report data have come from online surveys, small in-person surveys, and case reports. These may not be representative of the broader kratom-using population.
Analyze user-generated social media posts to determine if independent, descriptive accounts are generally consistent with prior U.S. kratom survey findings and gain a more nuanced understanding of kratom use patterns.
Reddit posts mentioning kratom from 42 subreddits between June 2019-July 2020 were coded by two independent raters.
Relevant posts (number of comments, upvotes, and downvotes) from 1274 posts comprised the final sample (n = 280). Of the 1521 codes applied, 1273 (83.69%) were concordant. Desirable kratom effects were described among a majority, but so too were adverse effects. Reports of kratom as acute self-treatment for opioid withdrawal were more prominent compared to longer-term opioid substitution. Quantitative analysis found higher kratom doses associated (p < .001) with greater odds of reported kratom addiction (OR = 3.56) or withdrawal (OR = 5.88), with slightly lower odds of desirable effects (OR = 0.53, p = .014). Despite perceived therapeutic benefits, kratom was characterized by some in terms of addiction that, in some cases, appeared dose-dependent. Polydrug use was also prominently discussed.
Results validated many prior survey findings while illustrating complexities of kratom use that are not being fully captured and require continued investigation.
被称为“咔哇潮饮”的 Mitragyna speciosa 在 美国越来越多地被用于自我治疗疼痛、精神疾病和物质使用障碍症状。它被一些人用来减轻阿片类药物戒断的症状，并作为一种长期的药物替代品。大多数自我报告的数据来自在线调查、小规模的个人调查和案例报告。这些数据可能不能代表更广泛的咔哇潮饮使用者群体。
分析用户生成的社交媒体帖子，以确定独立的描述性描述是否普遍与美国先前的咔哇潮饮调查结果一致，并更深入地了解咔哇潮饮的使用模式。
从 2019 年 6 月至 2020 年 7 月期间的 42 个子版块中提取提到咔哇潮饮的 Reddit 帖子，由两位独立的评级员进行编码。
从 1274 篇帖子中提取出相关帖子（评论、点赞和点赞数）组成最终样本（n=280）。在应用的 1521 个代码中，有 1273 个（83.69%）是一致的。大多数人描述了咔哇潮饮的理想效果，但也有不良反应。与长期替代阿片类药物相比，咔哇潮饮作为急性自我治疗阿片类药物戒断的报告更为突出。定量分析发现，更高的咔哇潮饮剂量与更高的报告的咔哇潮饮成瘾（OR=3.56）或戒断（OR=5.88）几率相关，与更理想的效果几率（OR=0.53，p=0.014）略低相关。尽管人们认为咔哇潮饮有治疗作用，但有些人认为它会上瘾，而且在某些情况下，这种上瘾似乎与剂量有关。多药使用也被广泛讨论。
结果验证了许多先前的调查结果，同时说明了咔哇潮饮使用的复杂性，这些复杂性尚未完全被捕捉到，需要进一步研究。
