Rabe D, Leucht W, Hendrik H J, Boos R, Schmidt W
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1986 Jul;46(7):422-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1026656.
3,274 pregnant women were examined sonographically in this study, with particular emphasis on the quantity of amniotic fluid present. In 8% of the patients a reduced amount of amniotic fluid was seen. If the largest pocket of amniotic fluid was less than 2 cm that particular case was classified as oligohydramnios. If the largest pocket of amniotic fluid was between 2 cm and 3 cm, it was assumed to be in the lower standard range. These cases were compared with a randomly selected control group with normal amounts of amniotic fluid, in respect of the occurrence of complications during gestation and delivery and of the incidence of fetal malformations. Patients with reduced amounts of amniotic fluid showed signs and symptoms of gestosis more often (p less than 0.001) and delivered more often before the 36th week of pregnancy (p less than 0.001) and growth-retarded children (p less than 0.001) than women with standard amounts of amniotic fluid. The incidence rate of Caesarean section was 42%, and hence far above the standard level (p less than 0.001). In oligohydramnios, 13% (p less than 0.001) of the children had severe fetal malformation, whereas, with an amount of amniotic fluid in the lower standard range, only 5.5% (not significant) showed severe foetal malformation. The stated sonographic criteria are suitable as an objective measure for quantifying the amount of amniotic fluid.
本研究对3274名孕妇进行了超声检查，特别关注羊水的量。8%的患者羊水过少。如果最大羊水池小于2厘米，则该病例被归类为羊水过少。如果最大羊水池在2厘米至3厘米之间，则认为处于较低标准范围。将这些病例与随机选择的羊水正常的对照组进行比较，比较妊娠期和分娩期并发症的发生率以及胎儿畸形的发生率。羊水过少的患者比羊水正常的女性更常出现妊娠中毒的体征和症状（p<0.001），更常在妊娠36周前分娩（p<0.001），所生儿童生长发育迟缓的比例也更高（p<0.001）。剖宫产的发生率为42%，远高于标准水平（p<0.001）。在羊水过少的情况下，13%（p<0.001）的儿童有严重胎儿畸形，而在羊水处于较低标准范围时，只有5.5%（无统计学意义）有严重胎儿畸形。所述超声标准适合作为量化羊水量的客观指标。
