Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India.
Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
J Cell Sci. 2022 Mar 15;135(6). doi: 10.1242/jcs.259387. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Endocytosis is indispensable for multiple cellular processes, including signalling, cell adhesion, migration, as well as the turnover of plasma membrane lipids and proteins. The dynamic interplay and regulation of different endocytic entry routes requires multiple cytoskeletal elements, especially motor proteins that bind to membranes and transport vesicles along the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Dynein and kinesin motor proteins transport vesicles along microtubules, whereas myosins drive vesicles along actin filaments. Here, we present a brief overview of multiple endocytic pathways and our current understanding of the involvement of these motor proteins in the regulation of the different cellular entry routes. We particularly focus on structural and mechanistic details of the retrograde motor proteins dynein and myosin VI (also known as MYO6), along with their adaptors, which have important roles in the early events of endocytosis. We conclude by highlighting the key challenges in elucidating the involvement of motor proteins in endocytosis and intracellular membrane trafficking.
内吞作用对于多种细胞过程是不可或缺的，包括信号转导、细胞黏附、迁移，以及质膜脂质和蛋白质的更新。不同内吞进入途径的动态相互作用和调节需要多种细胞骨架成分，特别是与膜结合并沿肌动蛋白和微管细胞骨架运输囊泡的马达蛋白。动力蛋白和驱动蛋白马达蛋白沿微管运输囊泡，而肌球蛋白则沿肌动蛋白丝驱动囊泡。在这里，我们简要概述了多种内吞途径，以及我们目前对这些马达蛋白在不同细胞进入途径的调节中的参与的理解。我们特别关注逆行马达蛋白动力蛋白和肌球蛋白 VI（也称为 MYO6）及其衔接蛋白的结构和机制细节，它们在胞吞作用的早期事件中具有重要作用。最后，我们强调了阐明马达蛋白在胞吞作用和细胞内膜运输中的作用所面临的关键挑战。
