Mirza Samir Ahmed, Sheikh Abdul Ahad Ehsan, Barbera Michaela, Ijaz Zainab, Javaid Muhammad Ali, Shekhar Rahul, Pal Suman, Sheikh Abu Baker
Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18505, USA.
Infect Dis Rep. 2022 Mar 11;14(2):184-197. doi: 10.3390/idr14020023.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection primarily involves the respiratory system but has many noteworthy extra pulmonary manifestations as well. We write this review to highlight the basis of some pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 infection-induced endocrine dysfunction. Different scientific databases and institutional websites were searched to collect and consolidate the most up-to-date data relating to COVID-19 infection and endocrine systems. Hypopituitarism, central diabetes insipidus, SIADH, thyroid abnormalities, hyperglycemia, adrenal insufficiency, orchitis and alteration in sperm morphology have been reported in case reports of patients with COVID-19 infection. Data focusing on COVID-19 vaccination was also searched to summarize the effect, if any, on the endocrine system. Endocrinopathies noted post COVID-19 vaccination, including cases of adrenal hemorrhage, new onset Type II Diabetes Mellitus and subacute thyroiditis, are also discussed in this review. This review calls attention to the misinformation relating to COVID-19 vaccination with supposed endocrine effects such as infertility and problems with pregnancy. Rebutting these misconceptions can help increase compliance and maximize COVID-19 vaccination to the public.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）感染主要累及呼吸系统，但也有许多值得注意的肺外表现。我们撰写本综述以强调COVID-19感染引起内分泌功能障碍的一些病理生理机制的基础。检索了不同的科学数据库和机构网站，以收集和整合与COVID-19感染和内分泌系统相关的最新数据。在COVID-19感染患者的病例报告中，已报道了垂体功能减退、中枢性尿崩症、抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征、甲状腺异常、高血糖、肾上腺功能不全、睾丸炎和精子形态改变。还检索了关注COVID-19疫苗接种的数据，以总结其对内分泌系统的影响（如有）。本综述还讨论了COVID-19疫苗接种后出现的内分泌疾病，包括肾上腺出血、新发2型糖尿病和亚急性甲状腺炎病例。本综述提醒人们注意与COVID-19疫苗接种相关的错误信息，如所谓的内分泌影响，如不孕和妊娠问题。驳斥这些误解有助于提高公众对COVID-19疫苗接种的依从性并使其最大化。
