Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2022 Jun;41(2):405-432. doi: 10.1007/s10555-022-10024-8. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Cancer is considered a major public health concern worldwide and is characterized by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. The human immune system recognizes cancerous cells and induces innate immunity to destroy those cells. However, sustained tumors may protect themselves by developing immune escape mechanisms through multiple soluble and cellular mediators. Neutrophils are the most plenteous leukocytes in the human blood and are crucial for immune defense in infection and inflammation. Besides, neutrophils emancipate the antimicrobial contents, secrete different cytokines or chemokines, and interact with other immune cells to combat and successfully kill cancerous cells. Conversely, many clinical and experimental studies signpost that being a polarized and heterogeneous population with plasticity, neutrophils, particularly their subpopulations, act as a modulator of cancer development by promoting tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Studies also suggest that tumor infiltrating macrophages, neutrophils, and other innate immune cells support tumor growth and survival. Additionally, neutrophils promote tumor cell invasion, migration and intravasation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, survival of cancer cells in the circulation, seeding, and extravasation of tumor cells, and advanced growth and development of cancer cells to form metastases. In this manuscript, we describe and review recent studies on the mechanisms for neutrophil recruitment, activation, and their interplay with different immune cells to promote their pro-tumorigenic functions. Understanding the detailed mechanisms of neutrophil-tumor cell interactions and the concomitant roles of other immune cells will substantially improve the clinical utility of neutrophils in cancer and eventually may aid in the identification of biomarkers for cancer prognosis and the development of novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
癌症被认为是全球主要的公共卫生关注点，其特征是异常细胞的不受控制的分裂。人体免疫系统识别癌细胞，并诱导先天免疫来破坏这些细胞。然而，持续的肿瘤可能通过多种可溶性和细胞介质发展免疫逃逸机制来保护自己。中性粒细胞是人体血液中最丰富的白细胞，对于感染和炎症中的免疫防御至关重要。此外，中性粒细胞释放抗菌物质，分泌不同的细胞因子或趋化因子，并与其他免疫细胞相互作用，以对抗和成功杀死癌细胞。相反，许多临床和实验研究表明，作为一种具有可塑性的极化和异质性群体，中性粒细胞，特别是其亚群，通过促进肿瘤转移、血管生成和免疫抑制作用，充当癌症发展的调节剂。研究还表明，肿瘤浸润的巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和其他固有免疫细胞支持肿瘤的生长和存活。此外，中性粒细胞促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭、迁移和浸润、上皮到间充质转化、癌细胞在循环中的存活、肿瘤细胞的播种和渗出以及癌细胞的高级生长和发展，形成转移。在本文中，我们描述和回顾了中性粒细胞募集、激活及其与不同免疫细胞相互作用以促进其促肿瘤功能的最新研究。深入了解中性粒细胞-肿瘤细胞相互作用的详细机制以及其他免疫细胞的伴随作用，将极大地提高中性粒细胞在癌症中的临床应用价值，并最终可能有助于识别癌症预后的生物标志物和开发新的癌症治疗方法。
