MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jun 15;432:128712. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128712. Epub 2022 Mar 15.
The rapid increase of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) leads to the resistance to target organisms and risks to non-target organisms in the ecosystem. Thus, we designed a multi-criteria framework for resistance to target organisms, exposure risks to non-target organisms under spraying and soil or seed treatment scenarios, and ruled out the NNIs on the priority control lists. The resistance and cross-resistance, as well as the toxicity (i.e., acute, chronic, and combined toxicities) were characterized and evaluated. Results showed that the cross-resistance between two NNIs (i.e., CLO and FLU) was 1.8 times higher than their single resistance. A medium to extra-high toxicity level of NNIs was found in non-target organisms. Regulation strategies for NNIs resistance and toxicity were also proposed. The best synergist blocking and control scheme for resistance and toxicity was screened out when three main synergists (i.e., TPP: DEM: PBO) with the ratio of 1:1:1. Four NNIs (i.e., NPM, IMI, ACE, TMX) used in grain crops and six NNIs (i.e., NPM, IMI, ACE, TMX, CLO, THI) used in vegetable crops were determined as the ruled-out pesticides on the priority control lists. This study highlights the adverse effects of NNIs on the ecosystem and human health which should not be overlooked.
新烟碱类杀虫剂（NNIs）的迅速增加导致目标生物产生抗药性，并对生态系统中的非目标生物造成风险。因此，我们设计了一个多标准框架，用于评估目标生物的抗药性、喷雾和土壤或种子处理情景下非目标生物的暴露风险，并从优先控制清单中排除 NNIs。对 NNIs 的抗药性和交互抗性，以及毒性（即急性毒性、慢性毒性和联合毒性）进行了特征描述和评估。结果表明，两种 NNIs（即 CLO 和 FLU）之间的交互抗性是其单一抗性的 1.8 倍。发现 NNIs 对非目标生物具有中等到超高毒性水平。还提出了针对 NNIs 抗药性和毒性的调控策略。当三种主要增效剂（即 TPP：DEM：PBO，比例为 1:1:1）时，筛选出了针对抗药性和毒性的最佳增效剂阻断和控制方案。在谷物作物中使用的四种 NNIs（即 NPM、IMI、ACE、TMX）和在蔬菜作物中使用的六种 NNIs（即 NPM、IMI、ACE、TMX、CLO、THI）被确定为优先控制清单上排除的农药。本研究强调了 NNIs 对生态系统和人类健康的不利影响，这一点不容忽视。
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