Tuculina Mihaela Jana, Perlea Paula, Gheorghiță Mircea, Cumpătă Cristian Niky, Dascălu Ionela Teodora, Turcu Adina, Nicola Andreea Gabriela, Gheorghiță Lelia Mihaela, Diaconu Oana Andreea, Valea Ana, Ghemigian Adina, Carsote Mara
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
Exp Ther Med. 2022 Apr;23(4):288. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11217. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
Various plasticizers and nanomaterials have been linked to endocrine disruptors or endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which represent a large, heterogeneous, yet incompletely understood group of structures acting on normal and pathological body pathways such as hormonal production, secretion, transport and receptor binding. By contrast, various applications of nanoparticles are currently under investigation since the delivery of useful drugs, particularly insulin in diabetes mellitus, is essential in case of insulin deficiency. The aim of the present review was to introduce and examine different plasticizers and nanomaterials with potential applications for diabetic patients (such as selenium or gold-based nanoparticles that help the oral delivery of insulin) or plasticizers/nanomaterials acting similarly to EDCs in relation to the human and animal body, particularly glucose metabolism impairment such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Bisphenol A is a chemical used worldwide; however, the effect of exposure varies with regard to the source, environment, time of exposure and the age of the organism. Daily exposure is mostly related to food and drinks stored in polycarbonate plastics. However, exposure may also be through the skin or through the maternal placenta or breast milk which are risk factors for the fetus and for the newborn. It exerts an estrogen-like profile, but it also induces insulin resistance by impairing peripheral insulin receptors or it decreases insulin secretion by acting at the level of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. Phthalates, compounds of flexible plastics, act as EDCs via their human metabolites such as diethyl phthalate and derivative monoethyl phthalate. Their role in inducing gestational DM and weight gain/obesity during pregnancy has been showcased. The vast field of plasticizers and nanomolecules acting as endocrine disruptors is widely linked to clinical aspects of DM, a serious condition with a major population impact. The importance of understanding and using these agents and applications is reflected in saving numerous human lives.
各种增塑剂和纳米材料已与内分泌干扰物或内分泌干扰化学物质（EDC）相关联，这些物质是一大类结构各异但尚未完全了解的物质，作用于正常和病理的身体途径，如激素的产生、分泌、运输和受体结合。相比之下，目前正在研究纳米颗粒的各种应用，因为在胰岛素缺乏的情况下，递送有用的药物，特别是糖尿病中的胰岛素至关重要。本综述的目的是介绍和研究对糖尿病患者有潜在应用的不同增塑剂和纳米材料（如有助于胰岛素口服递送的硒或金基纳米颗粒），或与人体和动物体中EDC作用相似的增塑剂/纳米材料，特别是与糖尿病（DM）等葡萄糖代谢受损有关的材料。双酚A是一种在全球范围内使用的化学物质；然而，接触的影响因来源、环境、接触时间和生物体年龄而异。日常接触主要与储存在聚碳酸酯塑料中的食物和饮料有关。然而，接触也可能通过皮肤、母体胎盘或母乳进行，这些都是胎儿和新生儿的危险因素。它具有类似雌激素的特性，但也会通过损害外周胰岛素受体诱导胰岛素抵抗，或通过作用于分泌胰岛素的胰腺β细胞水平来减少胰岛素分泌。邻苯二甲酸盐是柔性塑料的化合物，通过其人体代谢物如邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和衍生的单乙基邻苯二甲酸酯作为EDC发挥作用。它们在孕期诱发妊娠期糖尿病和体重增加/肥胖方面的作用已得到证实。作为内分泌干扰物的增塑剂和纳米分子这一广阔领域与DM的临床方面广泛相关，DM是一种对大量人群有重大影响的严重病症。理解和使用这些物质及应用的重要性体现在拯救无数人类生命上。
