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戊脒类似物的临床前开发确定了一种有效且无毒的抗生素佐剂。

Preclinical Development of Pentamidine Analogs Identifies a Potent and Nontoxic Antibiotic Adjuvant.

机构信息

Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.

Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.

出版信息

ACS Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 8;8(4):768-777. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00482. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Abstract

The difficulty in treating Gram-negative bacteria can largely be attributed to their highly impermeable outer membrane (OM), which serves as a barrier to many otherwise active antibiotics. This can be overcome with the use of perturbant molecules, which disrupt OM integrity and sensitize Gram-negative bacteria to many clinically available Gram-positive-active antibiotics. Although many new perturbants have been identified in recent years, most of these molecules are impeded by toxicity due to the similarities between pathogen and host cell membranes. For example, our group recently reported the cryptic OM-perturbing activity of the antiprotozoal drug pentamidine. Its development as an antibiotic adjuvant is limited, however, by toxicity concerns. Herein, we took a medicinal chemistry approach to develop novel analogs of pentamidine, aiming to improve its OM activity while reducing its off-target toxicity. We identified the compound P35, which induces OM disruption and potentiates Gram-positive-active antibiotics in and . Relative to pentamidine, P35 has reduced mammalian cell cytotoxicity and hERG trafficking inhibition. Additionally, P35 outperforms pentamidine in a murine model of bacteremia. Together, this preclinical analysis supports P35 as a promising lead for further development as an OM perturbant.

摘要

治疗革兰氏阴性菌的困难在很大程度上可归因于其高度不透性的外膜(OM),这是许多其他活性抗生素的屏障。可以使用扰动分子来克服这一障碍,这些分子破坏 OM 的完整性,使革兰氏阴性菌对许多临床可用的革兰氏阳性活性抗生素敏感。尽管近年来已经鉴定出许多新的扰动分子,但由于病原体和宿主细胞膜之间的相似性,这些分子中的大多数都受到毒性的限制。例如,我们小组最近报道了抗原生动物药物戊烷脒的隐蔽性 OM 扰动活性。然而,由于毒性问题,其作为抗生素佐剂的发展受到限制。在此,我们采用药物化学方法开发戊烷脒的新型类似物,旨在提高其 OM 活性,同时降低其非靶标毒性。我们确定了化合物 P35,它在 和 中诱导 OM 破坏并增强革兰氏阳性活性抗生素的作用。与戊烷脒相比,P35 对哺乳动物细胞的细胞毒性和 hERG 转运抑制作用降低。此外,P35 在 菌血症的小鼠模型中表现优于戊烷脒。总的来说,这项临床前分析支持 P35 作为进一步开发 OM 扰动剂的有前途的先导化合物。

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